Repro facts Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is the ZPA? What does the ZPA produce?

A
  • base of limb buds

- Shh (anteropost axis and CNS devo => holoprosenceph)

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2
Q

Where is the AER and what does it produce?

A
  • tip of limb bud
  • Wnt-7 (dorsal-ventral axis)
  • FGF-gene (mitosis of underlying mesoderm to lengthen limb)
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3
Q

What are Hox/homebox genes?

A
  • segmental organization
  • craniocaudal
  • genes that code for transcription factors
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4
Q

Hox mutations causes:

A

appendages in wrong locations

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5
Q

When does the blastocyst stick (implant)?

A

day 6

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6
Q

When does the NT close?

A

week 4

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7
Q

When does the heart begin to beat and limb buds begin to form?

A

week 4 (4 limbs, 4 heart chambers)

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8
Q

When does fetal movement start?

A

week 8

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9
Q

When does genitalia differ from male/female?

A

week 10

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10
Q

How many layers at wk 2?

A

2

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11
Q

How many layers at wk 3?

A

3

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12
Q

Where does the notochord come from?

A

mesoderm

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13
Q

Monochorionic (1 placenta) diamniotic (2 amnions) twins happen at:

A

4-8 days

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14
Q

Aplasia v Agenesis

A

Aplasia: absent organ despite presence of primordial tissue

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15
Q

Disruption

A

secondary breakdown of previously normal tissue

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16
Q

Deformation

A

Extrinsic disruption (after embryonic period)

17
Q

Malformation

A

intrinsic disruption (during embryonic period)

18
Q

Sequence

A

abnormalities result from a single primary embryologic even (oligohydramnios to Potter’s sequence)

19
Q

Placenta: fetal components

A

cytotrophoblasts (inner layer of chorionic villi)

syncytiotrophoblast (outer layer; makes hCG to stim corpus luteum to secrete progest during 1st trimester; no MHC-1)

20
Q

Placenta: maternal component

A

decidua basalis (derived from endometrium, maternal blood in lacunae

21
Q

Urachus vs Vitelline duct

A

Urachus/allantois- to the urine (bladder)

Vitelline- to the midgut (Meckel diverticulum)

Note: both go to the umbilicus