Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NEUR479 > Temporal Lobe Finals > Flashcards

Temporal Lobe Finals Flashcards

1
Q

frontal temporal dementia (FTD)

A

semantic dementia (problems with categorization mainly due to damage to the “what” pathway), caused by atrophy in TE (inferotemporal cortex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

kindling

A

model for the development of seizures and epilepsy in which the duration and behavioural involvement of induced seizures increases after seizures are induced repeatedly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

febrile seizures in children

A

caused by high temperature fluctuations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

convulsive disorder

A

caused by anxiety or other event that causes seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

medial temporal region (limbic cortex)

A

amygdala, the hippocampus and surrounding cortex (perirhinal, entorhinal cortex), fusiform gyrus, cortical areas TH and TF, fusiform and inferior temporal gyri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

fusiform and inferior temporal gyri are functionally part of:

A

the lateral temporal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

cortical areas TH and TF

A

posterior end of the temporal lobe, make up the parahippocampal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

temporal-parietal junction (TPJ)

A

at the end of the Sylvian fissure, including the ventral regions of angular and supramarginal gyri (the inferior parietal lobe) and adjacent temporal cortex; central to decision making in a social context

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

afferent projections of the temporal cortex:

A

sensory systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

efferent projections of the temporal cortex:

A

to the parietal and frontal association regions, limbic system, basal ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

neocortex of left and right lobes are connected via:

A

corpus callosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

medial temporal cortex and amygdala are connected via:

A

anterior commissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are 5 distinct cortical-cortical connections of the temporal lobe?

A

1) hierarchical sensory pathway subserves stimulus recognition (primary and secondary auditory and visual areas ending in temporal pole)
2) dorsal auditory pathway is concerned with directing movements with respect to auditory info (from auditory cortex to posterior parietal cortex)
3) polymodal pathway probably underlies stimulus categorization (parallel projections from auditory and visual association areas converge into polymodal regions of STS)
4) medial temporal projection crucial to long-term memory (auditory and visual association areas to medial temporal/limbic regions-perirhinal to enterorhinal to hippocampus/amygdala)
5) frontal lobe projection necessary for various aspects of movement control, short-term memory, and affect (parallel projections reach from temporal association areas to frontal lobe, auditory and visual cortex project to different areas in the frontal lobe)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

hippocampal projections forms:

A

perforant pathway (long-term memory)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

original model of the ventral stream:

A

a hierarchical pathway traveling from the occipital cortex to the temporal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

modified model of the ventral stream

A

at least 6 cortical and subcortical pathways:

1) set of subcortical projections from every region of the occipitotemporal pathway extends to neostriatum (caudate nucleus, putamen of basal ganglia)
2) amygdala-bound projections from inferotemporal regions allows processing of emotionally salient info
3) inferotemporal cortex to ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens) to support the assignment of stimulus valence
4) medial temporal pathway - long term memory
5) orbitofrontal pathway - object reward associations
6) ventrolateral prefrontal pathway - object working memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are 3 basic sensory functions of the temporal lobe?

A

1) processing auditory input
2) visual object recognition
3) long-term storage of sensory input - memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ventral stream intrinsic connectivity

A

occipitotemporal pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ventral stream extrinsic connectivity

A

occipitotemporal-neostriatal network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

sensory process in temporal lobe function

A

identification and categorization of stimuli (object recognition); function of ventral visual pathway, developing object categories crucial to perception and memory; depends on inferotemporal cortex, cross-modal matching (match visual and auditory info, depends on cortex of STS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

affective responses in temporal lobe function

A

emotional response is associated with a particular stimulus, animals with no amygdala lose fear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

spatial navigation in temporal lobe function

A

uses hippocampus; contains cells that code for places in space - spatial memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

activation in the STS during:

A

perception of biological motion (direction of eye gaze, head movement, facial expression, mouth movement)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

biological motion

A

movements relevant to a species, allows us to guess others’ intentions, social cognition/theory of mind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
fMRI study of cortical activity while participants view a film
extensive activity in the auditory and visual regions in the temporal lobe, in the STS, and in cingulate region; no intersubject coherence in parietal and frontal regions
26
findings from Tanaka and colleagues
- cells in area TE (temporal lobe) require complex features for activation (colour, size, orientation, texture) - cells with similar selectivity cluster in vertical columns - specificity of neurons is altered by experience
27
inferior occipital gyri
early perception of facial features
28
fusiform face area
invariant aspects of faces: perception of unique identity
29
superior temporal sulcus
changeable aspects of faces: perception of eye gaze, expression, and lip movement
30
anterior temporal cortex
personal identity: name and biographical info
31
amygdala, insula, limbic system
emotion
32
intraparietal sulcus
spatially directed attention
33
auditory cortex
prelexical speech perception
34
speech sounds come from three restricted ranges of frequences:
formants (speech sounds vary from one context to another, yet all are perceived as being the same)
35
right temporal cortex has important role in:
processing faces
36
left temporal cortex has important role in:
speech perception
37
left temporal lobe in music perception:
temporal grouping for rhythm
38
right temporal lobe in music perception:
complementary role in meter/temporal regularity or beat, extracts pitch from sound regardless if the sound is speech or music
39
fundamental-pitch listeners exhibit:
leftward asymmetry
40
spectral-pitch listeners exhibit:
rightward asymmetry
41
improvising/not memorizing/communication activates:
language areas as well as right hemisphere homologues, reduced activation in language regions related to semantic processing (angular gyrus & supramarginal gyrus)
42
left temporal lobe function
verbal memory, speech processing
43
right temporal lobe function
nonverbal memory, musical processing, facial processing
44
verbal/auditory hallucinations activate:
primary auditory cortex, Broca's area, and the speech zone in the posterior temporal cortex
45
activation of limbic regions in schizophrenia produces what symptom?
hostile paranoia
46
cortical deafness
caused by bilateral damage to auditory cortex, absence of neural activity in the auditory regions
47
Wernicke's aphasia
caused by disturbance of left temporal association cortex; disturbed recognition of words
48
affected rhythm discrimination
damage to right posterior superior temporal gyrus
49
affected meter discrimination
damage to anterior right or left temporal lobe
50
congenital amusia
tone deaf
51
right temporal lobe lesions
abnormal face perception and biological motion recognition, impairs recall of visual stimuli in both visual fields
52
damage to left temporal lobe
impairs recall of visual stimuli in right visual field, impairment in the ability to categorize words or pictures of objects
53
left posterior temporal lesion
difficulty in recognizing specific word categories, but can recognize the broader categorization
54
anterograde amnesia
amnesia for events after bilateral removal of the medial temporal lobes
55
inferotemporal cortex damage
interferes with conscious recall of info
56
left temporal lobe lesions
impaired recall of verbal memory
57
right temporal lesions
impaired recall of nonverbal material
58
temporal-lobe personality is associated with lobectomy of:
right temporal lobe
59
stimulation of anterior and medial temporal cortex produces feelings of:
fear
60
bilateral temporal-lobe damage
release of sexual behaviour
61
what are the 3 components of short-term memory?
sensory, motor, cognitive
62
anterograde amnesia
inability to acquire new memories
63
global anterograde amnesia
impairment in the ability to form new memories across a variety of areas
64
retrograde amnesia
inability to access old memories
65
time-dependent retrograde amnesia
commonly produced by TBI, severity of injury determines how far back in time the amnesia extends
66
what are 3 theories of amnesia?
1) system consolidation theory 2) multiple trace theory 3) reconsolidation theory
67
System Consolidation Theory
role of the hippocampus is to consolidate memories, making them permanent, hold them for a time, and then send them to be stored elsewhere in the brain
68
Multiple Trace Theory
3 kinds of memory (autobiographic, factual semantic, general semantic), each type is dependent on a different brain area, old memories are more resistant to amnesia because they change location in the brain as they are recalled
69
reconsolidation theory
memories rarely consist of single trace or neural substrate, each time memory used it is reconsolidated
70
episodic memory
autobiographic, person's recall of singular personal events
71
explicit memory
events, facts, and episodic memories, conscious intentional remembering, top-down processing
72
what is the pathway that connects the temporal lobe with the ventral frontal lobe
uncinate fasciculus
73
semantic memory
does not depend on medial-temporal lobe-ventral-prefrontal-lobe memory system that subserves episodic memory
74
Petri & Mishkin found that temporal-frontal lobe is the neural basis for:
explicit memory
75
hippocampal formation consists of:
entorhinal cortex, DG (dentate gyrus), subiculum, CA1-CA4 (Ammon's horn)
76
Ammmon's horn
contains pyramidal cells divided into 4 groups (CA1, CA2, CA3, CA4), motor cells
77
dentate gyrus
contains stellate granule cells, "sensory" cells
78
perforant pathway
connection between the hippocampus and the posterior temporal cortex
79
fimbria-fornix
connects the hippocampus to the thalamus, prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and the hypothalamus
80
damage to the fimbria-fornix pathway
produces retrograde and anterograde amnesia
81
what are 4 conclusions from studies of hippocampal patients?
1) anterograde deficits are more severe than retrograde 2) episodic memories are more affected than semantic memories 3) autobiographic memory is especially severely affected 4) time "travel" is diminished
82
temporal lobe areas border rhinal fissure (rhinal cortex) which includes the:
entorhinal and perirhinal cortex, these areas project to the hippocampus
83
injury to parietal and occipital cortex may produce:
colour amnesia, prosopagnosia, object anomia, topographic amnesia
84
left prefrontal cortex
more engaged in encoding semantic and episodic information than in retrieving it
85
right prefrontal cortex
more engaged in episodic info retrieval than left
86
what neural structures are involved in a proposed circuit for implicit memory
basal ganglia, premotor cortex, thalamus, amygdala, substantia nigra, cerebellum
87
cerebellum role in implicit memory
plays a role in classical conditioning
88
herpes simplex encephalitis
medial-temporal-lobe damage leads to anterograde amnesia; damage to the insula contributes to retrograde amnesia
89
korsakoff's syndrome
caused by a thiamine deficiency resulting from prolonged alcohol intake, damage may be in the medial thalamus, mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus, and frontal lobe atrophy
90
asperger's syndrome
form of autism in which individuals have high intellectual function and excellent memory abilities
91
savant
person who has an intellectual disability but also has a special ability in math, memory, or music
92
HSAM
highly superior autobiographical memory: incredible memory ability - can completely recall events in their lives
93
verbal hallucinations
activate primary auditory cortex, Broca's area, and the speech zone in the posterior temporal cortex
94
disorders of auditory and speech perception
- cortical deafness - auditory hallucinations - impaired auditory processing - trouble discriminating speech sounds - speech disorders (Wernicke's aphasia) - disorders of music perception
95
disorders of visual perception
impaired object recognition, complex pattern recognition (perception) right temporal lobe lesions =impaired face perception and biological motion recognition
96
what is the neural circuit proposed for implicit memory
sensory and motor info to rest of neocortex to basal ganglia to ventral thalamus to premotor cortex
97
what is the neural circuit proposed for emotional memory
basal ganglia, medial temporal cortex and amygdala have reciprocal connections, amygdala connected with hypothalamus and PAG, which is connected with frontal/parietal/temporal/occipital/cingulate cortices
98
short term memory may be caused by damage to:
left posterior temporal lobe, frontal lobe
99
frontal temporal dementia (FTD)
semantic dementia (problems with categorization mainly due to damage to the "what" pathway), caused by atrophy in TE
100
HERA (hemispheric encoding and retrieving asymmetry) model
L-DLPFC = encoding, R-DLPFC = retrieval, DLPFC to temporal lobe interaction

NEUR479 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions