Brain Damage

Question 1

edema

Answer 1

accumulation of fluid (swelling) can cause pressure on brain areas and compromises function to lead to further damage and further strokes

Question 2

lacunar stroke

Answer 2

ischemic stroke type, caused by blocks of small, penetrating end-branches

Question 3

stenosis

Answer 3

abnormal narrowing of a blood vessel

Question 4

tPA

Answer 4

tissue plaminogen activator - the clot-buster, restores blood flow

Question 5

solitaire catheter device

Answer 5

removes the clot itself

Question 6

decorticate response to pain

Answer 6

abnormal flexion to painful stimuli

Question 7

decerebrate response to pain

Answer 7

extension to painful stimuli (more severe damage than decorticate response)

Question 8

mTBI mild TBI

Answer 8

concussion

Question 9

mild TBI classification system

Answer 9

LOC < 30, PTA < 24h

Question 10

moderate TBI classification system

Answer 10

LOC > 30, PTA >24h

Question 11

PTA

Answer 11

post traumatic amnesia

Question 12

LOC

Answer 12

loss of consciousness

Question 13

what is TBI defined by? symptoms?

Answer 13

NO by course

Question 14

PCS

Answer 14

post concussion syndrome, 1-10% of population present symptoms greater than one year post-injury, but its not specific to concussion or a syndrome (could be due to depression), requires validity measures

Question 15

severe TBI GCS score

Answer 15

< 9

Question 16

moderate TBI GCS score

Answer 16

9-12

Question 17

minor TBI GCS score

Answer 17

> =13

Question 18

what are 5 common stroke mechanisms?

Answer 18

ischemic:
1) atherosclerosis ischemic (thrombotic stroke)
2) blood clots travel from larger to smaller vessel (embolic stroke)
3) small penetrating end-branches block (lacunar stroke)
hemorrhagic:
4) small aneurysms on penetrating end-arteries or AVM’s leak into brain (intra-cerebral hemorrhagic stroke)
5) large congenital Berry aneurysm of Circle of Willis vessels rupture (sub-arachnoid hemorrhage)

Question 19

thrombosis

Answer 19

blockage of vessel

Question 20

embolism

Answer 20

clot breaks off and circulates-forms a blockage as the vessel narrows

Question 21

transient ischemic attacks (TIA’s)

Answer 21

episode of vascular insufficiency that causes a temporary loss of brain function with total recovery within 24 hours, due to small atheroemboli that subsequently dissolve

Question 22

secondary prevention

Answer 22

after TIA or stroke

Question 23

acute treatment of stroke

Answer 23

tPA (clot buster)

Question 24

risk factors for stroke

Answer 24

• hypertension (lack of elasticity in vessels)
• hyperlipidemia
• diabetes
• atrial fibrillation
• ischemic heart disease
• BP/metabolic syndrome
• alcoholic heart disease
• cigarette smoking

Question 25

toxins

Answer 25

substances can be toxic to cells and cause cell-death (e.g. CO, illicit drugs, alcohol)