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NEUR479 > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

central sulcus

A

divides parietal lobe and frontal lobe

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2
Q

overall neuroanatomy

A

reflects a purely visual description of the brain, its overall structure and key subdivisions

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3
Q

cellular structure/physiology

A

a description of the different cell types that make up the brain, their interrelationships, and their electrical and chemical properties

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4
Q

sub-cellular/molecular structure/function

A

a description of the internal workings of neurons and other brain cells

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5
Q

functional level

A

a description of the overall functions that the brain mediates (e.g. consciousness, thought, planning, control of bodily functions)

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6
Q

motor neurons

A

carry commands to muscles and glands

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7
Q

afferent neurons

A

sensory neurons that carry info into the nervous system both for conscious perception and for motor coordination

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8
Q

interneurons

A

largest class of neurons. process info locally or convey info from one site to another (Golgi type I or type II)

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9
Q

Golgi I type

A

long axons communicate from one brain region to another

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10
Q

Golgi II type

A

short axons process info within specific regions of the brain “local interneurons”

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11
Q

macroglia

A

oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, astrocytes

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12
Q

radial glia

A

astrocyte involved in migration of neurons during development

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13
Q

what are the 5 disorders of the blood brain barrier?

A
  1. brain tumours have a “leaky” vasculature (blood vessels)
  2. bacterial meningitis
  3. enhanced leukocyte trafficking
  4. HIV
  5. stroke
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14
Q

brain tumours have a “leaky” vasculature (blood vessels)

A

promotes growth of the tumour (nutrients flow faster), allows other unwanted molecules through

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15
Q

bacterial meningitis

A

breakdown in blood brain barrier leads to bacterial infection, also allows pencilling though (use of pathological characteristics in treatment)

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16
Q

enhanced leukocyte (white blood cell) trafficking

A

associated with multiple sclerosis, white blood cells enter the brain and can act as toxins

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17
Q

HIV

A

enters the brain with infected macrophages, causes an HIV dementia

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18
Q

stroke

A

following stroke, neutrophils and monocytes (found in blood) can enter the brain and be a source of neurotoxic agents

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19
Q

pre central gyrus

A

primary motor strip

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20
Q

post central gyrus

A

primary sensory strip

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21
Q

lateral sulcus

A

divides temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobe

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22
Q

forebrain consists of:

A

diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus) and telencephalon (cerebral cortex, hippocampus, basal ganglia)

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23
Q

midbrain

A

tectum, tegmentum, superior colliculus, inferior colliculus, substantia nigra

24
Q

hindbrain

A

medulla, pons, cerebellum

25
metencephalon
part of the hindbrain, consists of the pons and cerebellum
26
myelencephalon
part of the hindbrain, consists of the medulla
27
cranial nerve I
olfactory nerve, sensory nerve, smell
28
cranial nerve II
optic nerve, sensory nerve, sight
29
cranial nerve III
oculomotor nerve, motor nerve, eye movements
30
cranial nerve IV
trochlear nerve, motor nerve, eye movements
31
cranial nerve V
trigeminal nerve, mixed nerve, sensory: cutaneous and proprioceptive sensations from skin, muscles, and joints in the face and mouth. motor: innervates muscles of mastication
32
cranial nerve VI
abducens nerve, motor nerve, eye movements
33
cranial nerve VII
facial nerve, mixed nerve, sensory: taste sensations, sensation from skin of external ear, motor: innervates muscles of facial expression, lacrimal glands, salivary glands
34
cranial nerve VIII
vestibuloacoustic nerve, sensory nerve, hearing, balance, postural reflexes, and orientation of head in space
35
cranial nerve IX
glossopharyngeal nerve, mixed nerve, autonomic fibres innervate parotid gland, swallowing: mediates visceral sensations from the palate and posterior one third of the tongue, sensory: innervates the carotid body and taste buds in tongue
36
cranial nerve X
vagus nerve, mixed nerve, autonomic fibres innervate smooth muscle in the heart, blood vessels, trachea, bronchi, esophagus, stomach and intestine, sensory: mediates visceral sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax, and abdomen, innervates taste buds in the epiglottis, motor: innervates striated muscles in the larynx and pharynx and controls speech
37
cranial nerve XI
spinal accessory nerve, motor nerve, motor innervation of the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles
38
cranial nerve XII
hypoglossal nerve, motor nerve,motor innervation of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue
39
tegmentum
part of mesencephalon of midbrain, contains 3rd and 4th cranial nerve nuclei and parts of the reticular formation, contains the substantia nigra (dopamine source)
40
where do the sensory/motor contralateral connections cross?
at the pons
41
LGB
"lateral geniculate body/nucleus" in the thalamus, involved in relaying the visual pathway
42
MGB
"medial geniculate body/nucleus" in the thalamus, involved in relaying the auditory pathway
43
pulvinar
part of the thalamus, large nuclei of the thalamus, strong associations with the visual system
44
supra-chiasmatic nucleus
sleep and wake regulation, tiny regions in brain above the hypothalamus, situated directly above the optic chiasm
45
mamillary bodies
linkages between limbic system and hypothalamus, considered to be part of the limbic system, relay station
46
optic chiasm
x-shaped structure formed by crossing over of optic nerve fibres in the brain
47
basal ganglia
group of subcortical structures lateral to the thalamus, consists of the caudate nucleus, putamen and globus palladus
48
pathway of movement initiation
cortex to basal ganglia, cross at pons, to spinal cord, to muscle
49
where are lateral ventricles located?
sort of around and above the thalamus, third ventricle goes down the centre of the thalamus, fourth ventricle is below thalamus and connected to third ventricle by the cerebral aqueduct
50
where is CSF formed?
choroid plexus in ventricles
51
frontal damage?
dysexecutive syndrome
52
pathology in right parietal lobe?
unilateral spatial neglect
53
pathology in occipital lobe?
cortical blindness (damage or critical period)
54
pathology in temporal lobe?
memory loss
55
pathology in limbic lobe (amygdala)?
Kluver Bucy syndrome, lack of appropriate fear
56
pathology in motor/sensory cortex?
loss of motor/sensory function consistent with homunculus

NEUR479 (16 decks)

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