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NEUR479 > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

central sulcus

A

divides parietal lobe and frontal lobe

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2
Q

overall neuroanatomy

A

reflects a purely visual description of the brain, its overall structure and key subdivisions

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3
Q

cellular structure/physiology

A

a description of the different cell types that make up the brain, their interrelationships, and their electrical and chemical properties

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4
Q

sub-cellular/molecular structure/function

A

a description of the internal workings of neurons and other brain cells

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5
Q

functional level

A

a description of the overall functions that the brain mediates (e.g. consciousness, thought, planning, control of bodily functions)

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6
Q

motor neurons

A

carry commands to muscles and glands

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7
Q

afferent neurons

A

sensory neurons that carry info into the nervous system both for conscious perception and for motor coordination

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8
Q

interneurons

A

largest class of neurons. process info locally or convey info from one site to another (Golgi type I or type II)

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9
Q

Golgi I type

A

long axons communicate from one brain region to another

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10
Q

Golgi II type

A

short axons process info within specific regions of the brain “local interneurons”

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11
Q

macroglia

A

oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, astrocytes

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12
Q

radial glia

A

astrocyte involved in migration of neurons during development

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13
Q

what are the 5 disorders of the blood brain barrier?

A
  1. brain tumours have a “leaky” vasculature (blood vessels)
  2. bacterial meningitis
  3. enhanced leukocyte trafficking
  4. HIV
  5. stroke
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14
Q

brain tumours have a “leaky” vasculature (blood vessels)

A

promotes growth of the tumour (nutrients flow faster), allows other unwanted molecules through

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15
Q

bacterial meningitis

A

breakdown in blood brain barrier leads to bacterial infection, also allows pencilling though (use of pathological characteristics in treatment)

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16
Q

enhanced leukocyte (white blood cell) trafficking

A

associated with multiple sclerosis, white blood cells enter the brain and can act as toxins

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17
Q

HIV

A

enters the brain with infected macrophages, causes an HIV dementia

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18
Q

stroke

A

following stroke, neutrophils and monocytes (found in blood) can enter the brain and be a source of neurotoxic agents

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19
Q

pre central gyrus

A

primary motor strip

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20
Q

post central gyrus

A

primary sensory strip

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21
Q

lateral sulcus

A

divides temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobe

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22
Q

forebrain consists of:

A

diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus) and telencephalon (cerebral cortex, hippocampus, basal ganglia)

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23
Q

midbrain

A

tectum, tegmentum, superior colliculus, inferior colliculus, substantia nigra

24
Q

hindbrain

A

medulla, pons, cerebellum

25
Q

metencephalon

A

part of the hindbrain, consists of the pons and cerebellum

26
Q

myelencephalon

A

part of the hindbrain, consists of the medulla

27
Q

cranial nerve I

A

olfactory nerve, sensory nerve, smell

28
Q

cranial nerve II

A

optic nerve, sensory nerve, sight

29
Q

cranial nerve III

A

oculomotor nerve, motor nerve, eye movements

30
Q

cranial nerve IV

A

trochlear nerve, motor nerve, eye movements

31
Q

cranial nerve V

A

trigeminal nerve, mixed nerve, sensory: cutaneous and proprioceptive sensations from skin, muscles, and joints in the face and mouth. motor: innervates muscles of mastication

32
Q

cranial nerve VI

A

abducens nerve, motor nerve, eye movements

33
Q

cranial nerve VII

A

facial nerve, mixed nerve, sensory: taste sensations, sensation from skin of external ear, motor: innervates muscles of facial expression, lacrimal glands, salivary glands

34
Q

cranial nerve VIII

A

vestibuloacoustic nerve, sensory nerve, hearing, balance, postural reflexes, and orientation of head in space

35
Q

cranial nerve IX

A

glossopharyngeal nerve, mixed nerve, autonomic fibres innervate parotid gland, swallowing: mediates visceral sensations from the palate and posterior one third of the tongue, sensory: innervates the carotid body and taste buds in tongue

36
Q

cranial nerve X

A

vagus nerve, mixed nerve, autonomic fibres innervate smooth muscle in the heart, blood vessels, trachea, bronchi, esophagus, stomach and intestine, sensory: mediates visceral sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax, and abdomen, innervates taste buds in the epiglottis, motor: innervates striated muscles in the larynx and pharynx and controls speech

37
Q

cranial nerve XI

A

spinal accessory nerve, motor nerve, motor innervation of the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles

38
Q

cranial nerve XII

A

hypoglossal nerve, motor nerve,motor innervation of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue

39
Q

tegmentum

A

part of mesencephalon of midbrain, contains 3rd and 4th cranial nerve nuclei and parts of the reticular formation, contains the substantia nigra (dopamine source)

40
Q

where do the sensory/motor contralateral connections cross?

A

at the pons

41
Q

LGB

A

“lateral geniculate body/nucleus” in the thalamus, involved in relaying the visual pathway

42
Q

MGB

A

“medial geniculate body/nucleus” in the thalamus, involved in relaying the auditory pathway

43
Q

pulvinar

A

part of the thalamus, large nuclei of the thalamus, strong associations with the visual system

44
Q

supra-chiasmatic nucleus

A

sleep and wake regulation, tiny regions in brain above the hypothalamus, situated directly above the optic chiasm

45
Q

mamillary bodies

A

linkages between limbic system and hypothalamus, considered to be part of the limbic system, relay station

46
Q

optic chiasm

A

x-shaped structure formed by crossing over of optic nerve fibres in the brain

47
Q

basal ganglia

A

group of subcortical structures lateral to the thalamus, consists of the caudate nucleus, putamen and globus palladus

48
Q

pathway of movement initiation

A

cortex to basal ganglia, cross at pons, to spinal cord, to muscle

49
Q

where are lateral ventricles located?

A

sort of around and above the thalamus, third ventricle goes down the centre of the thalamus, fourth ventricle is below thalamus and connected to third ventricle by the cerebral aqueduct

50
Q

where is CSF formed?

A

choroid plexus in ventricles

51
Q

frontal damage?

A

dysexecutive syndrome

52
Q

pathology in right parietal lobe?

A

unilateral spatial neglect

53
Q

pathology in occipital lobe?

A

cortical blindness (damage or critical period)

54
Q

pathology in temporal lobe?

A

memory loss

55
Q

pathology in limbic lobe (amygdala)?

A

Kluver Bucy syndrome, lack of appropriate fear

56
Q

pathology in motor/sensory cortex?

A

loss of motor/sensory function consistent with homunculus

NEUR479 (16 decks)

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