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NEUR479 > Emotion and the Brain > Flashcards

Emotion and the Brain Flashcards

1
Q

affect

A

a conscious subjective feeling about a stimulus, independent of where or what it is (internal and subjective): inferred behavioural state

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2
Q

emotion

A

a cognitive interpretation of subjective feelings (affect)

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3
Q

ATP-III

A

attention process training, computerized cognitive training program, attention and mindfulness strategies taught can be generalized to other tasks

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4
Q

acceptance commitment therapy (ACT)

A

the operationalized version of mindfulness

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5
Q

interpersonal circumplex

A

dominance vs. submission on y-axis, warm vs. cold on x-axis

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6
Q

OCT treatment

A

exposure with response prevention treatment (exposure to anxious trigger, do not respond to trigger)

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7
Q

unconscious interference

A

processes outside of awareness, used by neuropsychologists to refer to nonconscious brain processes

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8
Q

Papez theorized that the basis of emotion resided in:

A

the limbic lobe; limbic structures act on the hypothalamus to produce emotional states

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9
Q

Kluver-Bucy Syndrome

A

results from bilateral removal of the amygdala and inferior temporal cortex in animals

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10
Q

what are the 6 basic emotions that are universally recognized?

A

anger, fear, disgust, surprise, happiness, sadness

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11
Q

amygdala

A

input from all sensory systems, multimodal cells, sensitive to threatening or dangerous stimuli

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12
Q

somatic marker hypothesis

A

when confronted with a stimulus of biological importance, the brain and body change: reductions in body reactions lead to reduced intensity of emotion

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13
Q

cognitive-emotional interactions

A

emotion enhances survival and is interrelated with cognition, e.g. fear conditioning, circuits in the amygdala interact with cortical circuits to influence affective behaviour

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14
Q

emotional stimulus to sensory thalamus to emotional circuit which involves:

A

cortex, amygdala, hippocampal formation

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15
Q

amygdala to pituitary

A

release stress hormones

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16
Q

amygdala to brainstem

A

activate ANS, evoke emotional behaviour, suppress pain

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17
Q

amygdala to basal forebrain

A

stimulate arousal or attention

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18
Q

right hemisphere role in emotion

A

engaged in automatic components of emotion: generates feelings

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19
Q

left hemisphere role in emotion

A

engaged in cognitive control of emotion: interprets feelings

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20
Q

left hemisphere lesion

A

flattened mood

21
Q

anterior lesions

A

reduce facial expressions

22
Q

left frontal lesions

A

decrease talking (right frontal lobe lesions increase talking)

23
Q

right hemisphere lesions

A

aprosodia, impaired comprehension and judgment of emotion

24
Q

right frontal lobe lesions

A

impairments in understanding and using humour

25
Q

right frontal lobe and temporal lobe lesions

A

impairments on facial expression tests

26
Q

interpretation of emotional behaviour in neurological patients: judgment of mood in others

A

right hemisphere lesions impair comprehension, right temporal lobe lesions impair perception of intonation

27
Q

interpretation of emotional behaviour in neurological patients: judgment of propositional affect

A

left-hemisphere lesions impair comprehension

28
Q

interpretation of emotional behaviour in neurological patients: comprehension of verbal humor

A

right-hemisphere lesions alter appreciation

29
Q

interpretation of emotional behaviour in neurological patients: matching emotional expressions

A

right hemisphere lesions impair performance, left hemisphere lesions impair performance

30
Q

interpretation of emotional behaviour in neurological patients: judgment of emotional expressions

A

bilateral amygdala lesions impair perception of negative expressions

31
Q

right temporal lobe patients

A

obsessive

32
Q

left temporal lobe patients

A

personal destiny

33
Q

behaviours attributed to temporal-lobe epileptics

A
  • altered sexual interest
  • anger and aggression
  • emotionality
  • guilt
  • hypermoralism
  • obessiveness
  • humorlessness, sobriety
  • hypergraphia
  • paranoia
  • religiosity
  • sadness
  • viscosity
34
Q

social neuroscience

A

seeks to understand how the brain mediates social interactions

35
Q

behavioural changes after frontal lesions in monkeys:

A
  • reduced social interaction
  • loss of social dominance
  • inappropriate social interaction
  • altered social preference
  • reduced affect
  • reduced vocalization
36
Q

bilateral damage to the VMPFC

A

impairments of social conduct, decision making and emotion processing

37
Q

when assessing empathy for pain, which brain structure demonstrates increased activity?

A

insula

38
Q

lesions in TPJ and anterior cingulate cortex

A

social change

39
Q

right frontoparietal network

A

recognition of our own face (generation of the self)

40
Q

cortical midline network

A

monitor psychological states in others and self (generation of the self)

41
Q

re-appraisal of self-emotions (cognitive processes can change emotional responses):

A

activation of the prefrontal and cingulate cortex

42
Q

dharma

A

an innate set of empirically testable rules that govern and describe the generation of the inward, first person experiences of suffering and happiness in human beings

43
Q

mechanisms of mindfulness

A
  • attention regulation
  • body awareness
  • emotion regulation (reappraisal; exposure, extinction, reconsolidation)
  • change in perspective on the self
44
Q

neural correlates of focusing attention and information flow within working memory:

A

superior parietal lobule (focusing attention), DLPFC (attention maintenance), anterior cingulate cortex (conflict-monitoring inhibitory processes)

45
Q

structural changes: DTI and mindfulness changes:

A

increased cortical thickness in right anterior insula, right and middle superior frontal sulci, left superior temporal gyrus; axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity in anterior cingulate cortex

46
Q

default network

A

medial prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate (mind wandering, relatively deactivated across meditation types in experienced meditators): more coupling of posterior cingulate, dorsal anterior cingulate, and DLPFC at baseline and during meditation in experienced meditators

47
Q

experienced meditators demonstrate higher scores on neuropsychological tests:

A
  • selective attention
  • Stroop/conflict monitoring
  • attention switching
  • attentional blink
  • change blindness
  • working memory
  • memory specificity/no memory
  • COWAT
48
Q

improvements in meditation:

A
  • selective attention
  • executive attention
  • attention switching
  • other attention abilities
  • working memory (digit span)
  • memory
  • executive function
49
Q

the core of ACT is psychological flexibility:

A
  • contact with the present moment
  • values
  • committed action
  • self as context
  • defusion
  • acceptance

NEUR479 (16 decks)

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