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NEUR479 > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

identity position

A

mental processes are the same as certain kinds of brain processes, but described differently

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2
Q

“problem of other minds”

A

difficulty of knowing whether other people have conscious experiences

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3
Q

basket cell

A

neurons with dilated and knotty dendrites in the cerebellum

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4
Q

betz cells

A

large motor neurons

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5
Q

medium spiny neurons

A

most neurons in the corpus striatum

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6
Q

Purkinje cells

A

huge neurons in the cerebellum, a type of Golgi I multipolar neuron

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7
Q

Pyramidal cells

A

neurons with triangular soma, a type of Golgi I

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8
Q

Renshaw cells

A

neurons with both ends linked to alpha motor neurons

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9
Q

granule cells

A

a type of a Golgie II neuron

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10
Q

anterior horn cells

A

motoneurons located in the spinal cord

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11
Q

neuropsychological assessments that measure general intellectual function specifically look at what aspects of intelligence?

A

verbal, non-verbal/visual, processing speed, working memory

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12
Q

neuropsychological assessments that measure language specifically look at what aspects of language?

A

expressive, receptive, verbal fluency, object naming

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13
Q

neuropsychological assessments that measure attention specifically look at what aspects of attention?

A

selective, sustained, divided, working memory

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14
Q

neuropsychological assessments that measure executive function specifically look at what aspects of executive function?

A

category formation, strategy formation, mental flexibility, abstract thinking, inhibition, verbal fluency/systematic retrieval, non-verbal fluency

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15
Q

what test do you use to assess prefrontal function damage?

A

the stroop task

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16
Q

cranial nerve I: name and function

A

olfactory nerve, smell (S)

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17
Q

cranial nerve II: name and function

A

optic nerve, vision (S)

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18
Q

cranial nerve III: name and function

A

oculomotor nerve, eye movement (m)

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19
Q

cranial nerve IV: name and function

A

trochlear nerve, eye movement (m)

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20
Q

cranial nerve V: name and function

A

trigeminal nerve, masticatory movements (s,m)

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21
Q

cranial nerve VI: name and function

A

abducens nerve, eye movement (m)

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22
Q

cranial nerve VII: name and function

A

facial nerve, facial movement (s,m)

23
Q

cranial nerve VIII: name and function

A

auditory vestibular nerve, hearing (s)

24
Q

cranial nerve IX: name and function

A

glossopharyngeal nerve, tongue and pharynx (s,m)

25
Q

cranial nerve X: name and function

A

vagus nerve, heart/blood vessels/viscera/movement of larynx and pharynx (s,m)

26
Q

cranial nerve XI: name and function

A

spinal accessory nerve, neck muscles and viscera (m)

27
Q

cranial nerve XII: name and function

A

hypoglossal nerve, tongue muscles (m)

28
Q

how to test cranial nerve I

A

various odours applied to each nostril

29
Q

how to test cranial nerve II

A

visual acuity, map field of vision

30
Q

how to test cranial nerve III

A

reaction to light, lateral movements of eye, eyelid movement (ptosis), deviation of eye outward

31
Q

how to test cranial nerve IV

A

upward and downward eye movements

32
Q

how to test cranial nerve V

A

light touch by cotton baton, pain by pinprick, thermal by hot and cold tubes, corneal reflex by touching cornea, jaw reflex by tapping chin, jaw movements

33
Q

how to test cranial nerve VI

A

lateral movements of eye

34
Q

how to test cranial nerve VII

A

facial movements, facial expression, testing for taste

35
Q

how to test cranial nerve VIII

A

audiogram for testing hearing, stimulating by rotating patient or by irrigating the ear with hot or cold water (caloric test)

36
Q

how to test cranial nerve IX

A

testing for sweet, salt, bitter, and sour tastes on tongue; touching walls of pharynx for pharyngeal or gag reflex

37
Q

how to test cranial nerve X

A

observing palate in phonation, touching palate for palatal reflex

38
Q

how to test cranial nerve XI

A

movement, strength, and bulk of neck and shoulder muscles

39
Q

how to test cranial nerve XII

A

tongue movements, tremor, wasting or wrinkling of tongue

40
Q

symptoms of dysfunction in cranial nerve I

A

loss of sense of smell (anosmia)

41
Q

symptoms of dysfunction in cranial nerve II

A

loss of vision (anopsia)

42
Q

symptoms of dysfunction in cranial nerve III

A

double vision (diplopia), large pupil, uneven dilation of pupils, drooping eyelid

43
Q

symptoms of dysfunction in cranial nerve IV

A

double vision, defect of downward gaze

44
Q

symptoms of dysfunction in cranial nerve V

A

decreased sensitivity or numbness of face, brief attacks of severe pain (trigeminal neuralgia), weakness and wasting of facial muscles, asymmetrical chewing

45
Q

symptoms of dysfunction in cranial nerve VI

A

double vision, inward deviation of the eye

46
Q

symptoms of dysfunction in cranial nerve VII

A

facial paralysis, loss of taste over anterior two-thirds of tongue

47
Q

symptoms of dysfunction in cranial nerve VIII

A

deafness, sensation of noise in ear (tinnitus), disequilibrium, feeling of disorientation in space

48
Q

symptoms of dysfunction in cranial nerve IX

A

partial dry mouth, loss of taste (ageusia) over posterior third of tongue, anesthesia and paralysis of upper pharynx

49
Q

symptoms of dysfunction in cranial nerve X

A

hoarseness, lower pharyngeal anesthesia and paralysis, indefinite visceral disturbance

50
Q

symptoms of dysfunction in cranial nerve XI

A

wasting of neck with weakened rotation, inability to shrug

51
Q

symptoms of dysfunction in cranial nerve XII

A

wasting of tongue with deviation to side of lesion on protrusion

52
Q

huntington’s disease

A

genetic disorder where basal ganglia cells die progressively, results in involuntary body movements that occur almost continuously “chorea” = dancelike qualities

53
Q

Tourette’s syndrome

A

associated with loss of neurons within the basal ganglia, characterized by involuntary motor tics and vocalizations

54
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

characterized by difficulty initiating movements and muscular rigidity, rhythmic resting tremors, associated with loss of connections into and out of the basal ganglia, especially connections from the substantia nigra of the midbrain

NEUR479 (16 decks)

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