Midterm 1

Question 1

identity position

Answer 1

mental processes are the same as certain kinds of brain processes, but described differently

Question 2

“problem of other minds”

Answer 2

difficulty of knowing whether other people have conscious experiences

Question 3

basket cell

Answer 3

neurons with dilated and knotty dendrites in the cerebellum

Question 4

betz cells

Answer 4

large motor neurons

Question 5

medium spiny neurons

Answer 5

most neurons in the corpus striatum

Question 6

Purkinje cells

Answer 6

huge neurons in the cerebellum, a type of Golgi I multipolar neuron

Question 7

Pyramidal cells

Answer 7

neurons with triangular soma, a type of Golgi I

Question 8

Renshaw cells

Answer 8

neurons with both ends linked to alpha motor neurons

Question 9

granule cells

Answer 9

a type of a Golgie II neuron

Question 10

anterior horn cells

Answer 10

motoneurons located in the spinal cord

Question 11

neuropsychological assessments that measure general intellectual function specifically look at what aspects of intelligence?

Answer 11

verbal, non-verbal/visual, processing speed, working memory

Question 12

neuropsychological assessments that measure language specifically look at what aspects of language?

Answer 12

expressive, receptive, verbal fluency, object naming

Question 13

neuropsychological assessments that measure attention specifically look at what aspects of attention?

Answer 13

selective, sustained, divided, working memory

Question 14

neuropsychological assessments that measure executive function specifically look at what aspects of executive function?

Answer 14

category formation, strategy formation, mental flexibility, abstract thinking, inhibition, verbal fluency/systematic retrieval, non-verbal fluency

Question 15

what test do you use to assess prefrontal function damage?

Answer 15

the stroop task

Question 16

cranial nerve I: name and function

Answer 16

olfactory nerve, smell (S)

Question 17

cranial nerve II: name and function

Answer 17

optic nerve, vision (S)

Question 18

cranial nerve III: name and function

Answer 18

oculomotor nerve, eye movement (m)

Question 19

cranial nerve IV: name and function

Answer 19

trochlear nerve, eye movement (m)

Question 20

cranial nerve V: name and function

Answer 20

trigeminal nerve, masticatory movements (s,m)

Question 21

cranial nerve VI: name and function

Answer 21

abducens nerve, eye movement (m)

Question 22

cranial nerve VII: name and function

Answer 22

facial nerve, facial movement (s,m)

Question 23

cranial nerve VIII: name and function

Answer 23

auditory vestibular nerve, hearing (s)

Question 24

cranial nerve IX: name and function

Answer 24

glossopharyngeal nerve, tongue and pharynx (s,m)

Question 25

cranial nerve X: name and function

Answer 25

vagus nerve, heart/blood vessels/viscera/movement of larynx and pharynx (s,m)

Question 26

cranial nerve XI: name and function

Answer 26

spinal accessory nerve, neck muscles and viscera (m)

Question 27

cranial nerve XII: name and function

Answer 27

hypoglossal nerve, tongue muscles (m)

Question 28

how to test cranial nerve I

Answer 28

various odours applied to each nostril

Question 29

how to test cranial nerve II

Answer 29

visual acuity, map field of vision

Question 30

how to test cranial nerve III

Answer 30

reaction to light, lateral movements of eye, eyelid movement (ptosis), deviation of eye outward

Question 31

how to test cranial nerve IV

Answer 31

upward and downward eye movements

Question 32

how to test cranial nerve V

Answer 32

light touch by cotton baton, pain by pinprick, thermal by hot and cold tubes, corneal reflex by touching cornea, jaw reflex by tapping chin, jaw movements

Question 33

how to test cranial nerve VI

Answer 33

lateral movements of eye

Question 34

how to test cranial nerve VII

Answer 34

facial movements, facial expression, testing for taste

Question 35

how to test cranial nerve VIII

Answer 35

audiogram for testing hearing, stimulating by rotating patient or by irrigating the ear with hot or cold water (caloric test)

Question 36

how to test cranial nerve IX

Answer 36

testing for sweet, salt, bitter, and sour tastes on tongue; touching walls of pharynx for pharyngeal or gag reflex

Question 37

how to test cranial nerve X

Answer 37

observing palate in phonation, touching palate for palatal reflex

Question 38

how to test cranial nerve XI

Answer 38

movement, strength, and bulk of neck and shoulder muscles

Question 39

how to test cranial nerve XII

Answer 39

tongue movements, tremor, wasting or wrinkling of tongue

Question 40

symptoms of dysfunction in cranial nerve I

Answer 40

loss of sense of smell (anosmia)

Question 41

symptoms of dysfunction in cranial nerve II

Answer 41

loss of vision (anopsia)

Question 42

symptoms of dysfunction in cranial nerve III

Answer 42

double vision (diplopia), large pupil, uneven dilation of pupils, drooping eyelid

Question 43

symptoms of dysfunction in cranial nerve IV

Answer 43

double vision, defect of downward gaze

Question 44

symptoms of dysfunction in cranial nerve V

Answer 44

decreased sensitivity or numbness of face, brief attacks of severe pain (trigeminal neuralgia), weakness and wasting of facial muscles, asymmetrical chewing

Question 45

symptoms of dysfunction in cranial nerve VI

Answer 45

double vision, inward deviation of the eye

Question 46

symptoms of dysfunction in cranial nerve VII

Answer 46

facial paralysis, loss of taste over anterior two-thirds of tongue

Question 47

symptoms of dysfunction in cranial nerve VIII

Answer 47

deafness, sensation of noise in ear (tinnitus), disequilibrium, feeling of disorientation in space

Question 48

symptoms of dysfunction in cranial nerve IX

Answer 48

partial dry mouth, loss of taste (ageusia) over posterior third of tongue, anesthesia and paralysis of upper pharynx

Question 49

symptoms of dysfunction in cranial nerve X

Answer 49

hoarseness, lower pharyngeal anesthesia and paralysis, indefinite visceral disturbance

Question 50

symptoms of dysfunction in cranial nerve XI

Answer 50

wasting of neck with weakened rotation, inability to shrug

Question 51

symptoms of dysfunction in cranial nerve XII

Answer 51

wasting of tongue with deviation to side of lesion on protrusion

Question 52

huntington's disease

Answer 52

genetic disorder where basal ganglia cells die progressively, results in involuntary body movements that occur almost continuously "chorea" = dancelike qualities

Question 53

Tourette's syndrome

Answer 53

associated with loss of neurons within the basal ganglia, characterized by involuntary motor tics and vocalizations

Question 54

Parkinson's disease

Answer 54

characterized by difficulty initiating movements and muscular rigidity, rhythmic resting tremors, associated with loss of connections into and out of the basal ganglia, especially connections from the substantia nigra of the midbrain