Teat and Udder Surgery Flashcards
Surgical disease of the udder is most common in what type of cow?
Dairy cow
What is the most common congenital anomaly in cattle?
Supernumerary teats
When should supernumerary teats be removed?
6 months of age
What are 3 problems with supernumerary teats?
- Interfere with milking
- Increased risk of mastitis
- Cosmetics
What are three ways the determination of which supernumerary teats should be removed is made?
- Ultrasound
- Palpation
- Probe with teat cannula
Using a scope to go inside a teat cistern/sinus is known as what?
Theloscopy
What is a surgical procedurel that allows obstructing tissue to be resected with minimal surgical trauma?
Theloscopy
After teat injury, the incidence of mastitis is the affected quarter increases by what percent?
50%
What are 3 complications seen with teat injury?
- Teat obstruction
- Reduced milk flow
- Longer milking time
An annular ring obstruction is also known as what?
“Spider Teat”
What are 3 possible things that could cause obstruction in the teat?
- Fibrosis
- Papilloma/polyp
- Calculus
What are 4 possible causes of reduced milk flow?
- Congenital/acquired obstructions
- Agenesia
- Tissue proliferation
- Milk stones
What are 2 possible causes of a tight streak canal?
- Self-inflicted injury to the apex of the teat
- Poor functioning milking machine
What tool can be used to increase the diameter of the teat canal?
Lichty teat knife
A Lichty teat knife can be used to make up to how many cuts to open up a streak canal?
At what angles?
- 4 cuts
- 90 degrees
What is done to increase milk flow after the diameter of the teat canal has been increased?
Milk by hand every hour between morning and afternoon milking.
What can be done with the milk collected right after a Lichty knife has been used to increase the diameter of the teat canal?
What can’t be done with the milk?
- Can be used to feed calves.
- Can’t be put in the milk tank.
What is a tool that can be used to enlarge a teat canal by gently twisting all the way up into the cistern and then pulling it straight out?
Spiral teat curette
Obstruction in the area of the teat cistern can be corrected in what way?
Surgery by introducing instrument through the teat orifice.
What is a tool that can be used to remove a mass inside a teat cistern?
Hugs teat tumor extractor
What is a tool that can be used in an awake animal to rapidly remove mucosa?
Cornell teat curette
Milk stones/floating calculi can be removed by what tool?
Alligator forceps
What are 2 conditions that can make a cow more prone to teat lacerations?
- Over-crowding
- Anatomy of animal (short legs, pendulous mammary glands)
Is a teat laceration considered an emergency situation?
Why?
- Yes
- Increased risk of mastitis
Is there a better blood supply proximally or distally on the teat?
Proximally
What has a better prognosis, a horizontal or vertical laceration?
Vertical laceration
Is streak canal repair easy or difficult?
Why?
- Difficult
- Streak canal has a small diameter