Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Large Animal Surgery > Bone Spavin and P1 Fractures > Flashcards

Bone Spavin and P1 Fractures Flashcards

1
Q

DJD of the distal tarsal and TMT joints is known as a what?

A

Bone spavin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the most common location for a bone spavin?

Why?

A
  • Medial aspect of joint

- Where most of the force is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What might be seen with a bone spavin?

A

May see significant osteophyte formation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bone spavins are a common cause of what?

A

Hindlimb lameness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are 6 methods that can be used when trying to diagnose a bone spavin?

A
  • PE
  • Lameness evaluation
  • Diagnostic analgesia
  • Radiographs
  • Nuclear scintigraphy
  • MRI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When a horse is “standing under behind,” this is known as what?

A

Sickle-hocked

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Poor conformation can predispose a horse to what?

A

Osteoarthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 4 joints of the tarsus?

A
  • Tibiotarsal joint
  • Proximal intertarsal joint
  • Distal intertarsal joint
  • Tarsometatarsal joint
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How are bone spavins graded?

A

1 - 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A very small osteophyte is considered what grade?

A

Grade 1 bone spavin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A small osteophyte is considered what grade?

A

Grade 2 bone spavin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A medium osteophyte is considered what grade?

A

Grade 3 bone spavin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A large osteophyte is considered what grade?

A

Grade 4 bone spavin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are bone spavins often caused by?

A

Chronic repetitive compression, torsion and shear strains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A proximal limb flexion test is also sometimes called what?

A

“Spavin” test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How long do you hold the leg for with a proximal limb flexion test?

A

60-90 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is an example of a diagnostic tool that is sensitive but non-specific?

A

Nuclear scintigraphy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is an example of a diagnostic tool that is helpful in detailing cortical bone disease and stress fractures?

A

Nuclear scintigraphy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is an example of a diagnostic tool that is sensitive and specific?

A

MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is an example of a diagnostic tool that can be used to exam soft and hard tissue in joints?

A

MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Bone spavins are common in what discipline of horses?

A

Western performance horses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Results of medical management for bone spavins can be disappointing and lameness can persist in what percentage of affected horses?

A

25 - 50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are 3 examples of possible medical management for bone spavins?

A
  • Intra-articular injections of corticosteroids and chondro-protectives
  • Phenylbutazone
  • Light exercise
24
Q

What is an example of a mechanical form of arthrodesis that can be used for bone spavins?

A

Drill out joint with a drill bit to remove cartilage.

25
Q

What are 2 examples of chemical forms of arthrodesis that can be used for bone spavins?
What is one that is no longer used?

A
  • 70% ethanol, Nd:YAG or Diode laser arthrodesis

- Sodium monoiodoacetate (MIA)

26
Q

What is an approach for trans-articular drilling for bone spavin treatment?

A

Medial approach distal to the cunean tendon.

27
Q

How many drill tracts are usually drilled?

What angles are the tracts to each other?

A
  • 3 drill tracts

- 30 degrees from each other at diverging angles

28
Q

How many weeks should a horse be bandaged for post-operatively after treatment for a bone spavin?

A

2 weeks

29
Q

How many weeks should a horse be hand-walked for post-operatively after treatment for a bone spavin?

A

2 weeks

30
Q

Light riding can begin when post-operatively after treatment for a bone spavin?

A

3-4 weeks

31
Q

Most horses see improvement how many monthss post-operatively after treatment for a bone spavin?

A

4-5 months

32
Q

What percentage of horses return to soundness after surgical arthrodesis (drilling)?

A

59-85%

33
Q

What is a treatment that destroys cartilage by superheating it and vaporizing the synovial fluid?

A

Laser facilitated ankylosis

34
Q

What is a surgical treatment where the horse experiences less pain and discomfort post-operatively compared to other techniques?

A

Laser facilitated ankylosis

35
Q

What is an example of a treatment technique that promotes partial ankyloses?

A

Laser facilitated ankylosis

36
Q

Laser facilitated ankylosis results in significantly less fusion of what joints compared to other techniques?

A

Distal tarsal joints

37
Q

Lameness resolved in what percentage of bone spavin cases treated with ethyl alcohol facilitated ankylosis in one study?
How long did it take for the lameness to disappear?

A
  • 86%

- 3 months

38
Q

How much ethyl alcohol is injected for ankylosis?

What percentage is the alcohol?

A
  • 3 mL

- 70%

39
Q

When can a horse usually return back to work after ethyl alcohol facilitated ankylosis?

A

Immediately

40
Q

Can ethyl alcohol facilitated ankylosis be done with standing sedation?

A

Yes

41
Q

What is a major complication seen with MIA injections?

A

Severe post-op pain

42
Q

What percentage of horses treated with MIA have a successful outcome?

A

40-90%

43
Q

Horses treated with MIA injections usually have bone fusion by what time?

A

12 months

44
Q

Cunean tenectomy decreases what?

A

Decreases rotational forces

45
Q

Performing a cunean tenectomy is controversial when what is present?

A

Controversial for early OA

46
Q

Cunean tenectomy can reduce pain with what condition?

A

Chronic OA with bone proliferation

47
Q

Torsion with axial weight bearing can cause what?

A

Fracture of the first phalanx

48
Q

P1 fractures are common in horses used for what?

A

Speed events

49
Q

Why are nerve blocks a bad idea when a fracture is suspected?

A

A partial fracture can turn into a full break if horse walks on it.

50
Q

75% of fractures of the proximal phalanx are located where?

A

Forelimb

51
Q

Where should the most proximal screw be placed when drilling for a P1 fracture?

A

Within 5 mm of the sagittal groove.

52
Q

Additional screws should be placed at what interval for P1 fracture repair?

A

20-22 mm intervals

53
Q

A distal limb cast can be used after the lag screws have been added for how long?

A

2-6 weeks

54
Q

Prognosis of P1 fracture repair is partially dependent on what?

A

Fetlock and pastern DJD

55
Q

What kind of prognosis does a comminuted fracture of P1 have?

A

Poor prognosis for returning to athletic activities.

56
Q

What is a procedure for a P1 fracture that is not frequently done and is considered a Salvage procedure?

A

Fetlock arthrodesis

57
Q

What is a possible complication that can be seen with P1 fracture repair?

A

Contralateral limb laminitis

Large Animal Surgery (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions