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Large Animal Surgery > Angular Limb Deformities > Flashcards

Angular Limb Deformities Flashcards

1
Q

Postural deformities in the frontal plane of the limbs with either lateral or medial deviation are also known as what?

A

Angular limb deformities

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2
Q

A lateral angular limb deformity is known as what?

A

Valgus

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3
Q

A medial angular limb deformity is known as what?

A

Varus

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4
Q

What is a different type of limb deformity that can sometimes be mistaken for valgus?

A

Outward rotation

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5
Q

What are 5 possible causes of angular limb deformity?

A
  • Periarticular laxity
  • Incomplete ossification carpal bones
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Limb confirmation
  • Multifactural
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6
Q

What can be a predisposing factor for angular limb deformity development?

A

Twins

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7
Q

What are 3 ways of diagnosing angular limb deformities?

A
  • Observation
  • Limb manipulation
  • Radiographs
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8
Q

How do you use limb manipulation to evaluate for joint laxity in the carpus?

A

Press medial surface of carpus out while holding lateral surface of fetlock in - if can be manipulated, indicates laxity in joint.

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9
Q

When taking a radiograph, where should the beam be centered?

A

Center beam where you think the laxity is located.

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10
Q

How do the bones in a foal’s carpus appear with incomplete ossification?

A

Round shaped bones

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11
Q

Where are 3 regions on the leg where angular limb deformities can be located?

A
  • Carpus
  • Tarsus
  • Metacarpo-/metatarsophalangeal
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12
Q

What are 2 common locations within the joint where angular limb deformities can stem from?

A
  • Growth plate

- Joint space

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13
Q

What are 3 steps for geometric analysis for angular limb deformity?

A
  • Cellulose acetate overlay
  • Bisect long bone axis
  • Deviation at each joint space
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14
Q

What are 4 steps for using cellulose acetate overlay?

A
  • Take radiograph
  • Trace bone outlines from radiograph
  • Bisect long bone axis or places lines through joint space
  • Measure angle
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15
Q

What does a deviation in the traced outlines indicate?

A

Deviation indicates the pivot point

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16
Q

What are 3 examples of conservative treatment for angular limb deformities?

A
  • Stall rest
  • Hoof trimming
  • External support
17
Q

What are 2 examples of external support that can be used as conservative treatment for angular limb deformities?

A
  • Splint

- Cast

18
Q

What are 3 examples of surgical treatment for angular limb deformities?

A
  • Hemicircumferential periostal transection and elevation (periosteal stripping)
  • Growth retardation
  • Corrective osteotomy/-ectomy
19
Q

What is a type of shoe that can be used to treat angular limb deformities?

A

Dalmer shoes

20
Q

How often should a splint be checked and changed?

A

Every 3-4 days

21
Q

What does HCPTE stand for?

A

Hemicircumferential periostal transection and elevation

22
Q

What is another name for HCPTE?

A

Periosteal stripping

23
Q

Surgical screws and wire can be used to prevent bone from doing what?

A

Lengthening on the side where the wires and screws are placed.

24
Q

After surgical screws and wires have been placed, when should they be re-evaluated by radiograph?

A

2 weeks later

25
Q

What is a surgical tool that can be used to bridge the growth plate?

A

Surgical staples

26
Q

Surgical staples should’t be left in longer than what time frame?

A

4-6 weeks

27
Q

What are 2 types of ostectomy/osteotomy procedures that can be used in the treatment of angular limb deformity?

A
  • Closing wedge ostectomy

- Step ostectomy

28
Q

What are 2 types of step ostectomies?

A
  • Sagital plane

- Frontal plane

29
Q

If trauma damages cells responsible for bone growth, what can this lead to?

A

Leads to oblique formation of a joint.

30
Q

How is the size of the wedge used for a closing wedge ostectomy determined?

A

Determined by degree of deviation at pivot point.

Large Animal Surgery (30 decks)

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