T7 - L2 Cervical and Vulval pathology Flashcards
what type of virus is HPV?
double stranded DNA
which types of HPV are low risk and associated with genital warts and other low-grade cytological abnormalities?
6
11
which types of HPV are high risk and associated with high-grade pre-invasive and invasive disease?
16
18
associated with 70% of cervical cancers
which types of HPV are associated with 70% of cervical cancers?
16
18
what are the two vaccines for HPV?
Gardasil (HPV 6, 11, 16, 18) - we use this one currently
Cervarix (HPV 16,18)
where does Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) commonly occur?
Transformation zone of cervix = physiological area of squamous metaplasia
- develops changes over life and so is vulnerable to oncogenic effects
why is there no cervical screening below 25 years of age?
cervix still changing so produces confusing cytology that could result in unnecessary procedures
what is the most high risk causative factor of cervical squamous cell carcinoma?
HPV
besides HPV, what are other risk factors for cervical squamous cell carcinoma?
- Multiple sexual partners
- Male partner with multiple partners
- Young age at first intercourse
- High parity
- Low socioeconomic group
- smoking
- Immunosuppression
what is the precursor for cervical adenocarcinoma?
Cervical Glandular Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CGIN)
which type of vulval cancer is not HPV related?
differentiated VIN
vulval intraepithelial neoplasia
what is the most common type of vulval cancer?
Vulval squamous cell carcinoma (90%)
- associated with VIN
- associated with inflammatory dermatoses
