T1 - L2 FUNGAL PATHOGENS

Question 1

what is a fungi cell wall made of?

Answer 1

Glucan-chitin

Question 2

what type of disease do dermatophytes cause?

Answer 2

superficial disease

disease in skin, hair and nail

Question 3

Are dermatophytes slow or fast growing ?

Answer 3

slow growing mould

Question 4

what a geophilic dermatophytes?

Answer 4

originate in soil

Question 5

what a zoophilic dermatophytes?

Answer 5

originate in other animals

Question 6

what a Anthropophilic dermatophytes?

Answer 6

confined to humans

Question 7

tinea pedis is known as what?

Answer 7

athletes foot

Question 8

Tinea unguium (onychomycosis)
is known as what?

Answer 8

fungal nail disease

Question 9

tinea corporis is known as what?

Answer 9

ringworm

Question 10

tinea capitis is known as what?

Answer 10

scalp ringworm

Question 11

Trichophyton rubrum causes what?

Answer 11

tinea pedis/atheletes foot

Tinea unguium (onychomycosis)/fungal nail disease

tinea cruris (itchy groin)

Question 12

T. interdigitale

can cause what?

Answer 12

Tinea unguium (onychomycosis)/fungal nail disease

Question 13

what is the classical presentation of tinea corporis (ring worm)?

Answer 13

erythematous plaques

Majocci’s granuloma

Question 14

what investigation would you fo for a dermatophyte infection?

Answer 14

Microscopy and culture

[take tissue and look for hyphae or spores; then grow it a plate for identification]

Question 15

what treatment would you fo for a dermatophyte infection?

Answer 15

Topical antifungal therapy: mild disease

Systemic antifungal therapy: severe disease
Griseofulvin, terbinafine

Question 16

what should you treat tinea capitis with?

Answer 16

Treat ALL cases of tinea capitis with systemic antifungals

(Griseofulvin, terbinafine)

Topical therapy will not be curative (role in reducing spread)

Question 17

what is malassezia’s genus?

Answer 17

yeast

Question 18

where is Malassezia

usually found on the body?

Answer 18

Part of normal skin flora in all humans from shortly after birt

Question 19

what is Pityriasis versicolor?

Answer 19

fungal infection that causes small patches of skin to become scaly and discoloured.

• Hyper- or hypo- pigmented lesions
• Upper trunk
• Between puberty and middle age
• More common in tropics [in holidays] - Relapsing

Question 20

observing a microscopy of Yeast cells and hyphal segments described as “Sphagetti and meatballs” would indicate what?

Answer 20

pityriasis versicolor

Question 21

what is the treatment for pityriasis versicolor?

Answer 21

Topical antifungals eg. clotrimazole, if fails oral fluconazole
or itraconazole

Question 22

what factors increases risk of oral candidosis?

Answer 22

• HIV/AIDs
• Antibiotic use
• Head and neck cancer
• General debilitation in hospitalised patients

Question 23

how do you treat superficial candidosis?

Answer 23

oral azoles, fluconazole

Do NOT use oral fluconazole or other azoles in pregnant women, this increases risk
of teratologies (e.g. heart defects), topical azoles e.g. clotrimazole

Question 24

Candida oesophagitis is mainly seen in patients with what disease?

Answer 24

HIV

Question 25

what tests would you run to diagnose Candida oesophagitis?

Answer 25

endoscopy with biopsy

Question 26

Candida endocarditis is a rare consequence of what?

Answer 26

candidaemia presence of candida fungi or in the blood

Question 27

Candida endocarditis is associated with which patients?

Answer 27

IV drug abusers, valve surgery

Question 28

Candida peritonitis is a complication of what procedure?

Answer 28

peritoneal dialysis Perforation of bowl during surgery

Question 29

how do you treat candidaemia?

Answer 29

- remove lines (where possible) - start antifungal therapy - check heart (for endocarditis) and eyes (for endophthalmitis)

Question 30

how is the Aspergillus fungi transmitted?

Answer 30

airborne spores

Question 31

what is Aspergillosis?

Answer 31

Reaction to inhaling Aspergillus

Question 32

what is a Aspergilloma?

Answer 32

An aspergilloma is a clump/solid ball of mold which exists in a body cavity such as a paranasal sinus or an organ such as the lung.

Question 33

what is the most common allergic form of Aspergillosis?

Answer 33

Allergic Bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

Question 34

what is Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis?

Answer 34

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease caused by a long-term aspergillus infection of the lung and Aspergillus fumigatus

Question 35

how would you treat a Aspergilloma?

Answer 35

resection [cut it out; not going to get antifungal to penetrate]

Question 36

how would you treat Allergic aspergillosis?

Answer 36

steroids +/- antifungals

Question 37

how would you treat CPA and invasive aspergillosis?

Answer 37

antifungals, itraconazole and voriconazole, | amphotercin B