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Clinical Pathology (RIP) > T2 - L1 infection tests > Flashcards

T2 - L1 infection tests Flashcards

1
Q

What is fever?

A
  • sign of inflammation/infection. - 38 degrees plus is a temperature.

Symptoms: fever- burning up. Chills, sweats, night sweats and rigors.

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2
Q

Raised Inflammatory markers indicates what?

A

Raised markers support diagnosis, negative markers make infection less likely.

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3
Q

what can LFTs and

U&E’s identify?

A

1) can indicate biliary sepsis

2) can identify severe sepsis, urinary tract infection

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4
Q

List some inflammatory markers.

A

CRP <5mg, ESR<0.5, procalcitonin, new e.g. TRAIL IL-6 and IP-10

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5
Q

what does an increased Hb and RCC indicate?

A

dehydration, chronic hypoxia, and

polycythaemia

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6
Q

what is anaemia?

A

Hb of < 13 g/dl in males and < 11.5 g/dl in

females

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7
Q

what is normocytic anaemia?

A

normal-sized red blood cells, but you have a low number of them.

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8
Q

what is normochromic anaemia?

A

concentration of hemoglobin in the red blood cells is within the standard
range. However, there are insufficient numbers of red blood cells.

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9
Q

will the PCV in a full blood count increase or decrease with anaemia?

A

(packed cell volume)

decrease

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10
Q

what does a raised WCC indicate?

A

infection

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11
Q

which LFTs are used to distinguish between hepatocellular damage and cholestatsis?

A

ALT - Alanine transaminase

AST - Aspartate aminotransferase

ALP - Akaline phosphatase

GGT - Gamma-Glutamyltransferase

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12
Q

which LFT is used to asses the livers excretory function?

A

bilirubin

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13
Q

What is ESR and what can it be used for?

A

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

  • often arises from inflammation
  • can be used to monitor disease every and treatment response in inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis.
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14
Q

what does blood culture sampling allow?

A
  • identification of pathogens
  • typing of pathogens
  • sensitivity testing of the pathogen
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15
Q

what is a disadvantage of blood cultures?

A

slower than direct detection

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16
Q

what colour blood test tube is used for LFTs?

A

yellow/gold

17
Q

what colour blood test tube is used for a full blood count?

A

purple

18
Q

what colour blood culture lid is used for aerobic bacteria?

A

blue lid

19
Q

what colour blood culture lid is used for anaerobic bacteria?

A

purple lid

20
Q

how long is a blood culture incubated for?

A

5-7 days

if no growth, specimen is negative and discarded

21
Q

what is the Time-to-positivity (TTP) of blood cultures?

A

a predictor of the clinical outcome for bacteremia

22
Q

what colour does a gram-positive stain appear?

A

purple

23
Q

what colour does a gram-negative stain appear?

A

pink

24
Q

why is sensitivity testing clinically useful?

A

informs decisions on how much antimicrobial therapy to deliver

25
Q

what is the limitation od sensitivity testing?

A

the correlation between antimicrobial sensitivity and clinical response is not absolute.

26
Q

what is the limitation of direct detection (microscopy)?

A

Does not give any information on: antimicrobial susceptibility, typing.

27
Q

why is direct detection using microscopy useful?

A

Fastest diagnostic method.

28
Q

what colour blood test tube would be used for antibody testing?

A

red

29
Q

what is Seroconversion?

A

the time period during which a specific antibody develops and becomes detectable in the blood

30
Q

what is a fourfold rise?

A

rise in concentration of antibody from one test to the next x4

31
Q

what is the limitations of antibody testing?

A
  • Is restricted to patients with a detectable anti-body response.
  • Is retrospective (often too late to inform therapy decisions).
32
Q

which immunological test can be used to detect a Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection?

A

IFN-y release assays

Clinical Pathology (RIP) (49 decks)

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