Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Peds (Josh) > T3 - Neuro PPT (Josh) > Flashcards

T3 - Neuro PPT (Josh) Flashcards

1
Q

On the Glasgow Coma Scale, what score is poor?

A

8 or less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Glasgow Coma Scale measures for what?

A
  • Eye opening
  • Verbal response
  • Motor response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

– is very tough and covers the entire brain.

A

Dura mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

— is under the dura mater, thin, arteries and veins are suspended here

A

Pia arachnoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

– is very thin, lies under the arachnoid, and adheres to the surface of the brain.

A

Pia mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CSF is found beneath the — and —

A

arachnoid

pia mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Brain comprises — of body mass in infancy and — in adults.

A

15% in infants

3% in adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In infants, a large proportion of blood volume is in –

A

the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why can brain tumors be missed in infants?

A

intercranial pressure can be less likely to be seen due to anterior fontanel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Reasons infants and young children are more susceptable to head injury

A
  • top heavy
  • large head in proportion to body
  • excessive spinal mobility and immature muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Startle reflex

A

MORO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Stroke foot and toes curl

A

Plantar Reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Infant swings to the side that is stroked

A

Galant Reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

— can reveal a spinal fluid leak.

A

Glucose test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why do infants handle increased ICP better than adults?

A

fontanels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Space in scull is filled how?

A

Brain (80%)

CSF (10%)

Blood (10%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Early signs of ICP

A
  • Headache on awakening (w/out eating)
  • Vomiting, personality changes, irritabilty, fatigue, gait change
  • Double/Blurred vision. slow pupil reaction
  • Seizures
  • Increased head circumference, bulging fontanels
  • LOC change
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Late Signs of ICP:

Cushing’s Triad

A

Bradycardia

High BP

Slow breathing (bradynea)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Late Signs of CP:

Bradycardia

A

Widening pulse pressure

slow HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

LOC levels:

Falls asleep quickly

A

Lethargy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

LOC levels:

Arousable w/ stimulation

A

Obtunded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

LOC levels:

Deep sleep, responds to vigorous, repeated stimulation

A

Stupor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

LOC levels:

No response to decerebrate posturing to pain

A

Coma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

LOC levels:

eyes open, limbs spastic, no words, some swallow

A

Persistent Vegetative State (PVS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How is brain death confirmed?

A

2 EEGs and 2 exams 24 hrs apart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the most important aspect of the physical exam for neuro probs?

A

Vital sign changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Pinpoint pupils indicated…

A

MSO4 or poisoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Fixed, dilated pupils mean…

A

brain herniation (med emergency)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Unilateral and dilated pupil means…

A

lesion on that side

impending herniation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Pupil’s in an unconscious child look like…

A

Doll’s Eyes (glassy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

— is always checked w/ neuro probs.

A

Glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Nursing intervention for unconscious child:

A

ABCs (suctioning ONLY as needed, if intubated)

Assessment

Pain control

ICP monitoring

Bowel functioning

Skin Care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

To monitor ICP, what is used?

A

Ventricular Catheter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is ICP treated w/ ?

A

mannitol

steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Signs of ICP:

A
  • LOC change
  • Headache
  • Papilledema
  • Doll’s eyes
  • Pupillary changes
  • V/S changes
  • High pitched cry (infants)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Nursing Care for ICP

A

Avoid neck compression – keep head midline HOB elevated

Environment calm

Monitor ICP and treat as needed

Naso Gastric feedings

Hydration – 2/3 maintenance

Meds: Versed, antibiotics, anti-epileptics, barbiturates reduce brain oxygen need –

Pavulon, phenobarbital

Thermoregulation – NTE

Elimination – foley, stool softeners

Skin care – mouth care - artificial tears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the last sense to be lost in a coma?

A

hearing

38
Q

— injuries account for the highest mortality.

— are twice as likely to be affected as —

A

Neurological

Boys

Girls

39
Q

Head injuries can cause large blood loss why?

A

head is more vascular than adults

40
Q

Coup is —

Contre-coup is —

A

Acceleration (bruising at point of impact)

Rebound brusing

41
Q

Assessment for Head Injury

A

ABCs

Stabilize spinal cord

Evaluate for shock

Neuro exam

42
Q

Neuro exam for Head injury includes:

A

LOC

Pupillary symmetry

Seizures

Test nasal discharge for GLUCOSE

43
Q

Near drowning is more common in –

A

males less than 4 yrs

44
Q

What is Hypoxic-Ischemic brain injury caused by near drowning?

A

survival 24 hours after incident

45
Q

What happens in Hypoxic-Ischemic brain injury caused by near drowning?

A

Laryngospasm, swallow water, vomit, gasp, aspirate

Blood shunts to brain and heart

Hypoxia leads to brain damage

46
Q

A characteristic sign of Shaken Baby Syndrome is —

A

Retinal Hemorrhage

47
Q

– — results from initial impact in shaken baby syndrome

– — results from secondary impact as brain move backward in skull

A

Coup injury

Contrecoup injury

48
Q

Most common head injury is —

Hallmark signs?

A

Concussion

Hallmarks signs:

  • Amnesia
  • Confusion
49
Q

Which fracture has skin laceration and fracture?

A

Compound

50
Q

Racoon eyes =

A

anterior basal fractures

sign of Basilar Skull fracture

51
Q

Battle sign =

A

effusion of blood under ear

sign of Basilar Skull fracture

52
Q

Signs of Basilar Skull fracture?

A

Racoon eyes

Battle Sign

53
Q

Which fracture is traumatic separations of cranial sutures?

A

Diastatic

54
Q

Children’s brains are – and – which leads to greater long term damage in brain injury.

A

thinner

softer

55
Q

A unilateral dilated and reactive pupil is a sign of –

A fixed and dilated pupil is a sign of —

Bilateral fixed and dilated pupils are a sign of –

A

an intracranial mass.

impending brainstem herniation

brainstem herniation from increased ICP

56
Q

Which posturing has arms curled up on chest?

A

Decorticate

  • flexor posturing
57
Q

Which posturing has arms to the side?

A

Decerebrate

  • extensor posturing
58
Q

Lesions ABOVE the brainstem are associated w/ — posturing.

Lesions of the brainstem are associated w/ – posturing

A

Decorticate

Decerebrate

59
Q

What is Craniosynostosis?

A

premature closure of the sutures of the skull

  • 18 mths
  • surgical correction
  • more common in males
60
Q

Head shape abnormality that looks like a ‘cone-head’?

A

Craniosynostosis (aka craniostenosis)

61
Q

Primary Craniosynostosis is —

Compound Craniosynostosis is –

A

one suture line is closed/absent

two or more suture lines are closed/absent

62
Q

What is Positional Plagiocephaly?

A

flat occipatal part of skull due to child laying on back

63
Q

What autosomal syndromes are related to Craniosynostosis?

A

Alpert Syndrome

Crouzon Syndrome

64
Q

Patho of Craniosynostosis:

A

Premature closure or absence of sutures of the skull with normal brain growth can lead to displacement of cranial contents&raquo_space;>

increased ICP&raquo_space;>

decompensation&raquo_space;>

seizures&raquo_space;>

coma&raquo_space;> death

65
Q

Clinical manifestations of Craniosynostosis:

A
  • no cranial symmetry
  • exopthalmia
  • strabismus
  • increased ICP (headaches, irritability, high pitched cry, etc)
66
Q

What treatment for Craniostenosis?

A

reconstructive surgery of the skull

67
Q

In Craniostenosis, what is head shape dependent upon?

A

which sutures are involved

68
Q

Pre-operative care for craniotomy?

A
  • informed consent
  • NPO
  • Prophylactic meds (antibiotics, steroids for inflammation)
69
Q

Post-op Nursing Responsibilities for Craniotomy?

A

Observe for signs (of periorbital edema; Changes in vision)

neuro assessment

Observe for signs of ICP

Cerebral edema

Surgical site care

Pain control

parent education

70
Q

Why monitor HCT and Hgb following craniotomy?

A

head is very vascular

71
Q

What is Microcephaly?

A

small skull size due to lack of brain growth

  • 33 cm or less by 6 mths of age
72
Q

Etiology of Microcephaly

A

Chromosomal Abnormality

Maternal infection (rubella)

Maternal alcholism

3rd trimester trauma

73
Q

— is abnormal accumulation of fluid within ventricles.

A

Hydrocephalus

74
Q

S/S of Hydrocephalus:

A
  • Sunset Sign
  • ^ head circumference
  • high-pitched cry
  • poor feeding if ICP too high
75
Q

What is the biggest complication of shunt placement surgery?

A

infection

76
Q

What is sunset sign?

A

eyes that look like sun late on the horizon (depressed)

it is a sign of Hydrocephalus

77
Q

Causes of Hydrocephalus:

A

Obstruction caused by:

  • hemorrhage
  • meningitis
  • tumors
  • infection
78
Q

S/S of Hydrocephalus

A
  • bulging fontanels
  • thinning of skull bones
  • dilation of scalp veins
  • frontal enlargement (bossing)
  • depressed eyes (setting sun)
  • irritability
  • Shrill, high pitched cry
79
Q

Cat scan reveals – ventricles.

A

enlarged

80
Q

Which drugs can decrease the production of CSF until surgery for hydrocephalus?

A

Furosemide

Acetazolamide

81
Q

The best and most effective treatment for Hydrocephalus is —

A

shunts

82
Q

Most common type of Shunt is –

A

VP (Ventricular Peritoneal)

drains into peritoneum

83
Q

When would a VA Shunt be used?

A

if patient’s had abdominal surgery

84
Q

Types of Neural Tube defects:

A

Occulta (not visible)

Cystica (visible w/ sac-like protrusion)

85
Q

Which type of Neural Tube defect has spinal fluid and nerves:

Meningocele

Myelomeningocele

A

Myelomeningocele

86
Q

— is frequenly associated w/ hydrocephalus.

A

Spina Bifida

87
Q

What is the biggest problem w/ myelomeningocele?

A

infection if it bursts

88
Q

– encases meninges and spinal fluid with no neural elements

– contains meninges, spinal fluid and neural tissue (nerves)

A

Meningocele

Mylomeningocele

89
Q

– is revealed w/ positive translumination (ie: the light shines through).

A

Meningocele

  • b/c there are no nerves or neural elements
90
Q

During pregnancy, eat foods rich in — and —

A

Folic Acid

Vit C (to absorb the FA)

  • leafy greens
  • citrus fruits

Peds (Josh) (41 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions