Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Peds (Josh) > T2 - Fluid & Electrolyte (Josh) > Flashcards

T2 - Fluid & Electrolyte (Josh) Flashcards

1
Q

A Popsicle is —- mL

A

45 mL (half)

the double is 90 mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

—- is second to URI as a cause of illness in children.

A

Gastroenteritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the largest single cause of death of children in 3rd world countries?

A

Gastroenteritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

GI Motility is —- in younger children.

A

faster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Digestive enzymes are not present until —-

A

4-6 mths

  • infant is susceptible to gas and abdominal distention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is one reason that infants and young children are more vulnerable to alterations in Fluid & Electrolytes?

A

They have greater surface are in relation to body mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Infants have a significantly higher —- than adults, leading to…

A

metabolic rate

increased heat production

increased fluid loss

increased need for water excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Infants’ kidneys are —

A

functionally immature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Infants —- a greater amount of fluid.

A

ingest and exrete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Urine Volume/24 hrs

A
  • Neonate (30-60)
  • Week old (100-300)
  • 10-60 days (250-450)
  • 2-12 mths (400-500)
  • 1-3 yrs (500-600)
  • 3-5 yrs (600-700)
  • 5-8 yrs (650-1000)
  • 8-14 yrs (800-1400)
  • Adults (600-1600)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Normal routes of fluid excretion from infants and children?

A

Lungs
Urine
Feces
Skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Formula for Calculating I’s and O’s

A

Output: 1-2 mL/kg hr
Intake:
- up to 10kg = 100mL/kg
- 10-20 kg = 1000mL + 50mL/kg for anything over 10kg
- >20 kg = 1500mL + 20 mL/kg for anything over 20kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Child weighs 8 kg. Calculate I and O.

A 
Intake = 100 * 8 = 800mL
Output = 1*8 or 2*8 = 8-16 mL/hr
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Child weighs 16 kg.

Calculate I and O.

A

Intake = 1000mL + 50*6 = 1300 mL

Output = 116 or 216 = 16-32mL/hr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Child weighs 24 kg.

Calculate I and O.

A

Intake: 1500 + 20*4 = 1580 mL

Output: 124 or 224 = 24-48 mL/hr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Viruses that cause Fluid/Electrolyte Imbalances:

A

Rotavirus

Norwalk Virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Bacteria that cause Fluid/Electrolyte Imbalance:

A
  • E. Coli
  • Salmonella
  • Shigella
  • Yersinia Enterocolitica
  • Campylobacter jejuni
  • Vibrio Cholera
  • C. diff
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Most common cause of diarrhea in children less than five years old?

A

Rotavirus (unless they get RV vaccine)

  • 6-12 mths greatest risk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Appropriate diet for Oral Rehydration from diarrhea.

A
  • Ricelytes
  • Pedialyte
  • Unsweetened Jello
  • NO FRUIT JUICE
  • progress to soft complex carb foods, no greasy/spicy foods and progress as tolerated for older child
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

General Diet Guidelines for Infants w/ vomiting/diarrhea.

A

No milk or milk products for 24-28 hours
unless ordered by doctor

Day 2:
infants may have soy formula for 2 days then return to regular formula
may begin with 1/2 strength formula for 24 hours and then back to regular

Day 3
infant–full strength formula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Calculate percentage of weight loss

A
  • subtract child’s present weight from original weight

- divide the loss by the child’s original weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Shock Stages:

A

Warm (fever)

Cool (skin)

Cold (extremities)

23
Q

Why is an infant more susceptible to gas and abdominal distention?

A

smaller stomach and digestive enzymes not present until 4-6 mths

24
Q

T/F: Infants/Young Children have greater surface area in relation to body mass.

A

True

25
Q

Can babies concentrate urine well?

A

no, they have immature kidneys

26
Q

Infants excrete a — amount of fluid per kg of body weight.

A

greater

27
Q

With children, we want — to be almost equal.

A

Intake and Output

28
Q

Minimum fluid output is —

A

1-2 mL/kg/hr

29
Q

Infant is —- fluid

1 yr old is — fluid

Adult is — fluid

A

70-80%

60%

60%

30
Q

Infants have more fluid in —

1 yrs and up have more fluid in —

A

ECF

ICF

31
Q

—- become dehydrated faster because…

A

infants

higher amts of ECF

32
Q

Why can high carb foods cause diarrhea?

A

pulls water into GI tract

33
Q

—- —- causes malabsorption syndrome.

A

Cystic Fibrosis

34
Q

Starvation Diarrhea is…

A

If they’ve had NV or been NPO…

then, first PO intake is not well accepted by the body and moves quickly through the GI tract

35
Q

Formula too diluted or too concentrated can cause…

A

diarrhea

36
Q

Which virus mimics appendicitis?

A

Yersina eneroclitica

37
Q

Sodium is —

Potassium is —

A

ECF

ICF

38
Q

If dehydrated, sodium levels —

A

rise

39
Q

Stool Description:

A

Color
Consistency
Odor
Frequency

40
Q

Instead of BRAT diet for diarrhea, give them…

A
  • Ricelytes
  • Pedialyte
  • Unsweetened Jello
  • NO FRUIT JUICE
  • NO GREASY/SPICY FOOD
41
Q

Check skin tugor where?

A

inner thigh

abdomen

42
Q

If patient is not voiding, avoid what when hanging IV?

A

KCl

43
Q

— dehydration is most common in kids.

A

Isotonic

44
Q

—- dehydration is when electrolyte deficit exceeds water deficit.

A

Hypotonic

45
Q

— dehydration is when water loss exceeds electrolyte loss.

A

Hypertonic

46
Q

—- dehydration is when electrolyte and water losses are in balanced proportions.

A

Isotonic

  • most common in children
47
Q

Child weighed 12 kg. he was weighed again and was 11 kg.

What is his percentage weight loss?

Mild/Moderate/Severe?

A 
12-11 = 1
1/12 = 0.83

8.3% weight loss

Moderate (6-9%)

48
Q

Mild Dehydration =

Moderate Dehydration =

Severe Dehydration =

A

3-5%

6-9%

10% or more

49
Q

Cap refill for dehydration?

A

Mild = >2 secs

Moderate = 2-4 secs

Severe = >4 secs

50
Q

Diarrhea causes…

A

metabolic acidosis b/c you lose bicarb

51
Q

Blood Pressure for CV assessment.

A

Lower limit of SBP = 70 + (2*age in years)

ex: SBP lower limit of 8 yr old should be 86

52
Q

Renal Perfusion should be minimally —

A

urinary output > 1mL/kg/hr

53
Q

Shock signs

A
  • Skin – cool, to cold, clammy
  • Mottling
  • Poor capillary refill
  • Reduced urinary output
  • Anaerobic metabolism –acidosis
  • Increased blood viscosity
  • Tachycardia, tachypnea
  • Level of consciousness changes

Peds (Josh) (41 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions