T3 - Cancers in Children PPT (Josh) Flashcards
Common S/E with Chemo and how to treat:
N/V (treat w/ ondansetron)
Mucositis (treat w/ meticulous mouth care)
Common S/E with Chemo and how to treat:
N/V (treat w/ ondansetron)
Mucositis (treat w/ meticulous mouth care)
Can you treat the mucositis (s/e of chemo) with viscous lidocaine?
NO
What Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) is a sign of infection, which is a s/e of cancer treatment?
ANC
S/E of Cancer treatments that need to be treated.
Infection
Hemorrhage
Anemia
N/V
Neuro
What platelet count should warn us of hemorrhage?
What are the NEUROLOGICAL s/e of cancer drugs?
Constipation
Foot Drop
Peripheral weakness/numbness
Jaw Pain
Somnolence
What are the NEUROLOGICAL s/e of cancer drugs?
Constipation
Foot Drop
Peripheral weakness/numbness
Jaw Pain
Somnolence
Can you treat the mucositis (s/e of chemo) with viscous lidocaine?
NO
What Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) is a sign of infection, which is a s/e of cancer treatment?
ANC
S/E of Cancer treatments that need to be treated.
Infection
Hemorrhage
Anemia
N/V
Neuro
What platelet count should warn us of hemorrhage?
Treat the N/V of cancer treatments w/ —
ondansetron
What are the NEUROLOGICAL s/e of cancer drugs?
Constipation
Foot Drop
Peripheral weakness/numbness
Jaw Pain
Somnolence
How do you calculate ANC?
White Cell Count x % of neutraphils
-
Immunization protocol w/ chemo.
- No live, attenuated vaccines
- if vaccinated 2 wks before or during chemo, they need to be revaccinated after chemo
What is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in children under 14?
Luekemia
What are the types of Leukemia?
Acute Lymphomatic Leukemia (ALL)
Acute Myelocytic Leukemia (AML)
Who has an increased risk of ALL?
Males
Caucasions
Siblings of child w/ ALL
Down’s Syndrome
Which cell is diagnostic for Hodgkins Disease?
Reed Sternberg Cell
Phases of Chemo Treatment:
1) Induction (4-5 wks)
2) Sanctuary (2-3 wks)
3) Maintenance (2-3 yrs)
What is the sentinel node?
left clavicular node
the first node usually enlarged in Hodgkins Disease
Which phase of Chemo?
prevent leukemia cells from invading the CNS
Lasts about 2-3 wks
Sanctuary
Which phase of Chemo?
maintain remission
lasts about 2-3 yrs
Maintenance
Why is the CNS resistant to chemo?
What is the alternatives to treat cancer cells in CNS?
due to the BBB
Alternatives
- Cranial irradiation
- Intrathecal Methotrexate (MTX)
— is a decrease in blasts and normal formation of other blood elements
— is an increase in blasts and non-normal formation of other blood elements
Remission
Relapse
note:
- blasts are immature WBCs produced in leukemia
Which cell is diagnostic for Hodgkins Disease?
Reed Sternberg Cell
– is a painless enlargement of lymph nodes.
Hodgkins Disease
What is the sentinel node?
left clavicular node
the first node usually enlarged in Hodgkins Disease
What is the most common brain tumor?
Gliomas
What is the second most common type of cancer in kids?
Brain tumors
Over half of all peds brain tumors are located where?
infratentorial area of brain
- difficult to excise
What is the most common assessment finding in Brain Tumor?
Headache
also:
- Vomiting (in morning and w/out nausea)
- loss of concentration
- change in behavior/personality
- vision probs
When would vomiting occur with brain tumor?
typically in the morning and WITHOUT nausea
– is a small round cell tumor that arises in the bone marrow.
Ewing Sarcoma (PNET)
- usually NOT amputated
With neuroblastoma, the prognosis is — if the child is younger.
better
- 75% survival if diagnosed before age 1
The usual age of onset for neuroblastoma is –
22 mths
Clinical manifestations of neuroblastoma are dependent upon —
the location of the tumor
ex:
- altered bowel/bladder function if in retroperitoneal area
- dyspnea or infection w/ mediastinal
Another name for Wilm’s Tumor is —
Nephroblastoma
- b/c it is a tumor of the kidney
Wilm’s Tumor typically presents as an —-
asymptomatic abdominal mass
- DON’T PALPATE!!!
Osteosarcoma typically metastisis to where?
lungs
– is a small round cell tumor that arises in the bone marrow.
Ewing Sarcoma (PNET)
- usually NOT amputated
Which gene is associated w/ Osteosarcoma?
p53
When is Osteosarcoma typically diagnosed?
in adolescents
- b/c it is found during rapid bone growth
Common sites of Osteosarcoma.
Distal Femur
Proximal Tibia
Proximal Humerus
— is a highly malignant cancer that affects the striated muscles and tendons (ie: soft tissues)
Rhabdomyosarcoma
