T1 - Toddlers (Josh) Flashcards
Normal Temp of Toddler (1-3 years)?
1 = 37.7 (99.9)
3 = 37.2 (99)
Normal HR of Toddler?
3 mths - 2 yrs = 70-150
2 yrs - 10 yrs = 60 - 110
Normal RR of Toddler?
1-2 yrs = 30-35
2-6 yrs = 21-25
When does birth weight quadruple?
2.5 years
In general, adult height is about twice the child’s height at what age?
2
Erikson’s Stage of Psychosocial development for Toddler?
Autonomy v. Shame & Doubt
Freud’s phase of psychosexual development for Toddler?
Anal
- anus is primary erogenous zone and pleasure is derived from controlling bladder and bowel movement
According to Freud, what is the major conflict during Toddler stage?
toilet training (Anal)
According to Freud, fixation at the Toddler Stage can result in what type of personality?
too rigid or too disordered
- ANAL
When the child approaches 2, which stae of Piage’ts Cognitive development begins to be apparent?
Pre-operational (2-4 yrs)
What is negativism?
toddler behavior demonstrated by saying ‘no’ frequently to assert themselves
What is egocentrism?
inability to envision situations from perspectives other than one’s own
Example of egocentrism?
if a person is positioned b/t a toddler and another person, the toddler will explain that both people see the person’s face b/c he sees the face, even though other person is seeing the back
What is ritualism?
maintaining routines and reliability, provides a sense of comfort for toddlers as they explore the environment beyond those most familiar to them
What is centration?
focusing on one aspect rather than considering all possible alternatives
ex: child refuses food b/c of it’s color, though smell and test are acceptable
What understanding b/t two events develops in toddlerhood?
Causal Relationships
ex: after flipping switch, toddlers are aware that a response occurs, they are not, however, able to transfer that knowledge to new situations
Believing thoughts are all powerful and can cause events.
Magical Thinking
ex: child wishes someone dead and person actually dies, child will feel guilty
Attributing lifelike qualities to inanimate objects.
Animism
ex: scolding stairs for making child fall
Toddlers are acutely aware of others’ actions and attempt to copy them in gestures and words.
Mimicry
When does toddler begin to use multi-word sentences?
Age 1: one-word “Up”
Age 2: multi-word “All gone”
Age 3: simple sentences
How many words a day are learned by 3 year olds?
5-6
Example of pre-operational thinking?
Children cannot think in terms of operations, they think primarily based on their perception of an event
ex: a needle hurts so the nurse in the uniform wants to hurt me
What is the major fear of the toddler period?
fear of strangers and separation anxiety
When is a child usually ready for potty training?
22-30 mths
- recognize urge to defecate
- ability to sit on toilet for 5-8 min
Nutritional needs of a toddler?
- 24-30 oz milk
- 4-6 oz juice
- 1 T of food for each yr of age
Avoid which type of foods in toddlerhood?
choking foods
- nuts
- grapes
- hot dogs
- peanut butter
- raw carrots
- tough meats
- popcorn
What is physiological anorexia?
In toddlerhood, their is an increased nutritional need accompanied with a decreased appetite
- too busy to eat
Remain in rear facing car seat until?
2
Fine motor skills of toddlerhood?
9-10 mths: pincer grasp
12 mths: grasp very small obj.
15 mths: drop a pellet into a narrow-necked bottle
18 mths: throw ball overhead w/out losing balance
Gross motor skills of toddlerhood?
12-13 mths: walking alone
18 mths: try to run, fall easily
2-3 yrs: refine biped, upright position
