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Module 202 Neuroscience & behaviour > T2 L2 Neck & oral cavity > Flashcards

T2 L2 Neck & oral cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the oral cavity located?

A

Inferior to the nasal cavities

Continuous with both the nasal cavities superior & pharynx inferiorly

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2
Q

What does the outer oral vestibule include?

A

The lips & cheeks

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3
Q

What does the roof include?

A

The hard & soft palate

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4
Q

What forms the floor of the oral cavity?

A

Muscles (mylohyoid & geniohyoid) & the tongue

Contains submandibular & sublingual glands

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5
Q

What is the tongue divided into?

A

An anterior 2/3 (oral)
Posterior 1/3 (pharyngeal)
Demarked by a V-shaped sulcus

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6
Q

What does the undersurface of the tongue contain?

A

Medial fold which internally separates the right & left sides of the tongue

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7
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Longitudinal
Transverse
Vertical

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8
Q

What do the intrinsic muscles of the tongue do?

A

Movement for speech, eating & swallowing

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9
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus

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10
Q

What is the function of the genioglossus?

A

Depresses & protrudes tongue

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11
Q

What is the function of the hyoglossus?

A

Depresses tongue

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12
Q

What is the function of the styloglossus?

A

Retracts tongue

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13
Q

What is the function of the palatoglossus?

A

Elevates back of tongue

Depresses sift palate

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14
Q

What are the arteries & veins of the tongue?

A

Lingual arteries

Drains into lingual veins

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15
Q

Describe the innervation for the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue

A

Taste - special afferent (taste), facial nerve VII via chorda tympani via lingual nerve (V3)
Sensation - general sensation by lingual nerve (V3)

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16
Q

Describe the innervation for the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

Taste - special afferent (taste) by glossopharyngeal

Sensation - general sensation glossopharyngeal

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17
Q

Describe the motor innervation to the whole tongue

A

Hypoglossal nerve

Exception is palatoglossus which is supplied by CN X

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18
Q

What is the type &; exit of cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal)?

A

Type: sensory (somatic), special sensory (taste), motor & visceral
Exit: jugular foramen

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19
Q

Describe cranial nerve IX innervation

A

Sensory - posterior 1/3 of tongue, oropharynx
Taste - posterior 1/3 of tongue
Motor - stylopharyngeus muscle
Visceral to parotid gland to stimulate secretion to aid digestion

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20
Q

What are the submandibular & sublingual glands innervated by?

A

Facial nerve

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21
Q

What is the type & exit of cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal)

A

Type - motor to intrinsic & extrinsic muscles of the tongue
Exit - hypoglossal canal

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22
Q

What is the function of the larynx?

A

Protective sphincter for air passages & produces phonation

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23
Q

What cartilages make up the larynx?

A 
Thyroid
Cricoid
Arytenoid
Cuneiform
Corniculate
Epiglottis
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24
Q

What are the 2 most important ligaments in the larynx?

A

Vestibular

Vocal

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25
Q

What is the nerve supply to the larynx?

A

Sensory &motor from the vagus via the superior laryngeal branch & recurrent laryngeal branch

26
Q

What is the blood supply to the larynx?

A

Upper 1/2 by superior thyroid artery

Lower 1/2 by inferior thyroid artery

27
Q

Where is the pharynx located?

A

Most posterior part of the next

Behind nasal cavity & larynx

28
Q

What are the 3 sections of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx
Laryngopharynx
Oropharynx

29
Q

What are the muscles of the pharynx?

A

3 constrictors

Super, middle, inferior

30
Q

What is the nerve supply to the pharynx?

A

Motor via vagus
Exception is stylopharyngeus which is supplied by CN IX.
Sensory via V2, CN IX, CN X

31
Q

What is the type & exit of cranial nerve X?

A

Type: sensory, taste, visceral sensory, motor & visceral motor
Exit: jugular foramen

32
Q

What is the path of cranial nerve X?

A

Rootlets from medulla through jugular foramen.
Continues in carotid sheath
Branches into head & thorax

33
Q

What is the innervation of CN X?

A

Sensory: from larynx, dura mater
Taste: epiglottis & pharynx
Visceral sensory: aortic bodies, aortic arch chemoreceptors, bronchi, heart, lungs, midgut & foregut
Motor: palatoglossus, muscles of pharynx & larynx
Visceral motor: as part of parasympathetic to smooth muscle in glands in pharynx, larynx, thoracic viscera, foregut & midgut

34
Q

What supports the neck?

A

Posteriorly by 7 cervical vertebrae

35
Q

Where are the mobile hyoid bones located?

A

In the neck

36
Q

What are the 3 layers of deep fascia in the neck?

A

Pretracheal fossa
Prevertebral fascia
Investing fascia

37
Q

Why is the fascia in the neck important?

A

Reduce spread of infection

Enables structures to move past each other in movement & swallowing

38
Q

What does the carotid sheath contain?

A 
Common & internal carotid arteries
Internal jugular vein
Vagus nerve X
Deep cervical lymph nodes
Carotid sinus nerve
39
Q

What are the 4 triangles in the anterior compartment?

A

Unpaired submental triangle
Paired submandibular
Paired carotid
Paired muscular triangle

40
Q

What divides the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

The presence of the posterior belly of omoyhyoid

41
Q

What is the posterior compartment of the neck divided into?

A

Large occipital triangle

Smaller ornoclavicular triangle

42
Q

What are the boundaries & contents of the submandibular triangle?

A

Boundaries: anterior & posterior bellies of digastric
Contains: submandibular gland, facial artery & vein

43
Q

What are the boundaries & contents of the submental triangle?

A

Bounded by digastric

Contains lymph nodes

44
Q

What are the boundaries & contents of the muscular triangle?

A

Boundaries: omohyoid, SCM
Contains: supra & infra hyoid muscles

45
Q

What are the boundaries & contents of the carotid triangle?

A

Boundaries: omohyoid, stylohyoid, digrastic, SCM
Contains: common carotid artery, IJV, hypoglossal nerve, vagus nerve, accessory nerve

46
Q

What is the muscular triangle divided into?

A

Suprahyoid muscle

Infrahyoid muscle

47
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles?

A

Stylohyoid
Digastric
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid

48
Q

What is the innervation of the suprahyoid muscles?

A

Facial nerve for stylohyoid & posterior belly of digastric
Mylohyoid by CN V
Geniohyoid by CN XII

49
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles?

A

Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Sternothyroid

50
Q

What is the innervation of the infrahyoid muscles?

A

C1-C3 of ansa cervicalis

51
Q

What does the posterior triangle contain?

A

Subclavian artery
External jugular vein
CN XI
Cervical plexus

52
Q

What is the occipital triangle bound by?

A

SCM
Trapezius
Omohyoid

53
Q

What is the supraclavicular triangle bound by?

A

Clavicular head of SCM
Clavicle
Omohyoid

54
Q

What does the brachiocephalic artery divide into?

A

Common carotid which divide into internal & external carotids

55
Q

What does the external carotid divide into?

A 
Superior thyroid
Ascending pharyngeal
Lingual
Facial
Maxillary
Superficial temporal
56
Q

What does the subclavian artery divide into?

A

Inferior thyroid

57
Q

What is the venous drainage of the head & neck?

A

Internal jugular vein drains brain, face, cervical viscera & neck muscles
External jugular vein
Anterior jugular vein

58
Q

What is the type & exit of cranial nerve XI (accessory)?

A

Type: motor to sternocleidomastoid & trapezius
Exit: jugular foramen

59
Q

What is the type & exit of cranial nerve VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve)?

A

Type: sensory, special somatic, afferent for hearing, equilibrium & motion
Exit: internal acoustic meatus

60
Q

What is the path of cranial nerve VIII?

A

Divides into vestibular & cochlear nerves

Module 202 Neuroscience & behaviour (39 decks)

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