T1 L8 Orbit & nasal cavity

Question 1

What is the function of the nose?

Answer 1

To filter dust entering the respiratory system

Question 2

What bones make up the nose?

Answer 2

Paired nasal bones
Maxillae
Frontal bone
Septum

Question 3

What are the cartilages of the nose?

Answer 3

Lateral
Major alar
Septal

Question 4

What are the 3 projections on the internal surface of the lateral wall?

Answer 4

Superior conchae
Middle conchae
Inferior conchae

Question 5

What do the supplied arteries to the nose branch from?

Answer 5

Ophthalmic

Maxillary

Question 6

What is the nerve supply to the nose?

Answer 6

Olfactory nerve

Opthalmic & maxillary

Question 7

What is the exit of cranial nerve I?

Answer 7

Cribriform plate

Question 8

What is the type of cranial nerve I?

Answer 8

Special afferent - sensory

Question 9

What aids olfaction?

Answer 9

Air flowing through the nasal cavity

Question 10

Where are olfaction receptions?

Answer 10

In the epithelium lining the roof & walls

Question 11

What do olfaction receptors do?

Answer 11

Epithelium secretes a mucus fluid

Odoriferous gases are dissolved into the fluid & detected by olfactory nerves

Question 12

What can cause temporal anosmia?

Answer 12

Mucus buildup

Question 13

What can cause permanent anosmia?

Answer 13

Abscesses
Trauma
Parkinson’s disease

Question 14

What are the paranasal sinuses?

Answer 14

Air filled extensions of the nasal cavity

Question 15

What do the paranasal sinuses drain through?

Answer 15

Frontonasal duct

Question 16

What are ethmoidal cells?

Answer 16

Invaginations in ethmoid bone
Drain into middle meatus if anterior or middle
Drain into superior meatus if posterior

Question 17

Where do sphenoidal sinuses drain?

Answer 17

Into sphene-ethmoidal recess

Question 18

What are the 7 bones making up the orbit?

Answer 18

Frontal
Maxilla
Ethmoidal
Lacrimal
Sphenoidal
Temporal-zygomatic
Nasal

Question 19

What are the 3 layers of the eye?

Answer 19

Outer fibrous - sclera & cornea
Vascular - iris
Inner - retina

Question 20

What type is cranial nerve II?

Answer 20

Special afferent - sensory

Question 21

Where does cranial nerve II exit?

Answer 21

Optic canal

Question 22

Why does cranial nerve II have a special embryology?

Answer 22

Optic stalk grows out & lens vesicle grows in

Question 23

What are the 7 extraoccular muscles that surround the globe of the eye & are responsible for moving it?

Answer 23

Levator palpebrae
Superior oblique
Superior rectus
Medial rectus
Lateral rectus
Inferior rectus
Inferior oblique

Question 24

What 3 axes does movement of the eyeball occur around?

Answer 24

Vertical
Transverse
Anteroposterior

Question 25

What does the superior oblique do?

Answer 25

Depression & abduction

Question 26

What does the superior rectus do?

Answer 26

Elevation | Adduction

Question 27

What does the inferior rectus do?

Answer 27

Depression | Adduction

Question 28

What does the lateral rectus do?

Answer 28

Abduction

Question 29

What does the medial rectus do?

Answer 29

Adduction

Question 30

What does the inferior oblique do?

Answer 30

Elevation & abduction

Question 31

What type is cranial nerve III?

Answer 31

Somatic motor (general somatic efferent) to extra-oscular muscle) & general visceral efferent-parasympathetic via short ciliary nerves to ciliary body & sphincter pupillae

Question 32

Where does cranial nerve III exit?

Answer 32

Superior orbital fissure

Question 33

What type is cranial nerve IV?

Answer 33

Somatic motor (general somatic efferent) to superior oblique

Question 34

Where does cranial nerve IV exit?

Answer 34

Superior orbital fissure

Question 35

What type is cranial nerve VI?

Answer 35

Somatic motor (general somatic efferent) to lateral rectus

Question 36

Where does cranial nerve VI exit?

Answer 36

Superior orbital fissure

Question 37

What is the nerve supply to the orbit?

Answer 37

CN II, III, IV, V1, VI, VII Sympathetic Parasympathetic

Question 38

What does the sympathetic nerve supply to the orbit do?

Answer 38

Stimulates dilator pupillae to let more light in

Question 39

What does the parasympathetic nerve supply to the orbit do?

Answer 39

Stimulates constrictor pupillae to let less light in

Question 40

What is the blood supply to the orbit?

Answer 40

Ophthalmic artery Infra-orbital artery Central artery

Question 41

What does the lacrimal apparatus consist of?

Answer 41

Lacrimal gland which secretes lacrimal fluid, which passes across eye & into lacrimal papilla, lacrimal sac & to the inferior meatus via the nasolacrimal duct

Question 42

What are the 2 parts of the lacrimal gland?

Answer 42

Orbital | Palpebral

Question 43

What is the nerve supply responsible for crying?

Answer 43

Parasympathetic - secretomotor via VII | Sympathetic - vasoconstrictive (superior cervical ganglion via internal carotid)