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Module 202 Neuroscience & behaviour > T1 L2 Skull & cranial cavity > Flashcards

T1 L2 Skull & cranial cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 layers of the scalp?

A 
Skin
Connective tissue (dense)
Aponeurotic layer
Loose connective tissue
Pericranium
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2
Q

What nerves innervate the scalp?

A

Trigeminal nerves

Spinal cutaneous nerves

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3
Q

What are the 2 sections of the skull?

A

Neurocranium

Viscerocranium

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4
Q

How many bones are in the neurocranium?

A

8

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5
Q

What are the bones making up the neurocranium?

A 
Occipital
Temporal x 2
Parietal x 2
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Frontal
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6
Q

What are the bones making up the viscerocranium?

A 
Nasal conchae x 2
Nasal bones x 2
Maxilla x 2
Palatine x 2
Zygomatic x 2
Lacrimal x 2
Vomer
Mandible
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7
Q

What is the role of the foramina?

A

Permits nerves & blood vessels to enter of exit cranial cavity

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8
Q

What is the base of the skull divided into?

A

Anterior cranial fossa
Middle cranial fossa
Posterior cranial fossa

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9
Q

Give some examples of foramina

A 
Cribiform plate
Optic canal
Superior orbital fissure
Foramen rotundum
Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum
Internal acoustic meatus
Stylomastoid foramen
Foramen lacerum
Jugular foramen
Hypoglossal canal
Foramen magnum
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10
Q

What are the 3 meninges layers?

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

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11
Q

What is the role of the meninges?

A

Protection
Support network for blood vessels
Forms a fluid-filled cavity to cushion & nourish the brain

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12
Q

What are the 2 layers of dura mater?

A

Endosteal layer

Meningeal layer

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13
Q

Where is the meningeal layer found?

A

Around the brain & spinal cord

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14
Q

Where is the endosteal layer found?

A

Only lines the skull

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15
Q

What is the nerve supply to the dura mater?

A

Cranial nerve V
Cranial nerve X
C1-3
Sympathetic

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16
Q

What is the blood supply to the dura mater?

A

Middle meningeal artery

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17
Q

What is the purpose of folds in the meningeal dura mater?

A

Prevent / restrict movement of the brain

18
Q

What does the falx cerebri separate?

A

Cerebral hemispheres

19
Q

What does the tentorium cerebelli separate?

A

Cerebellar hemispheres from cerebral hemispheres

20
Q

What does the falx cerebelli separate?

A

Cerebellar hemispheres

21
Q

What is the anatomical basis of a headache?

A

The dura is sensitive to stretching

22
Q

What can lead to an extradural (epidural) haematoma?

A

Damage to the middle meningeal artery

23
Q

What causes a tentorial herniation?

A

A space occupying lesion causing herniation of the temporal lobe

24
Q

Which meningeal layer is avascular?

A

Arachnoid mater

25
Q

Describe the arachnoid mater

A

Thin avascular layer

Loosely applied with projections

26
Q

Where is the CSF found in the subarachnoid space produced?

A

By choroid plexus in brain ventricles

27
Q

What is the aim of the CSF?

A

It provides buoyancy to the brain to protect it from mechanical forces such as a blow to the skull

28
Q

Describe the Pia mater

A

Very delicate vascular membrane
Gives brain a shiny coating
The cerebral arteries enter the brain carrying a sheath of Pia mater with them

29
Q

What is leptomeningitis?

A

Infection & inflammation in the arachnoid & Pia mater
Infection may enter the subarachnoid space & into the blood = septicaemia

30
Q

What are dural sinuses?

A

Sinuses that sit between the dural folds

Contain drained blood & CSF from the brain via cerebral veins

31
Q

Describe the properties of the dural sinus

A

Thick walled endothelium
No valves
No smooth muscles

32
Q

What do the dural sinuses drain into?

A

The internal jugular vein

33
Q

What are the 2 main arteries supplying the brain?

A

The internal carotid artery

Vertebral artery

34
Q

What are the 2 terminal branches inside the skull?

A

The anterior cerebral artery

The middle cerebral artery

35
Q

What happens to the vertebral arteries?

A

They pass within the cervical vertebrae and enter the foramen magnum where they unite to form the basilar artery.

36
Q

What forms the circle of Willis?

A

Anastomoses of the 2 internal carotid & 2 vertebral arteries

37
Q

What does the anterior cerebral artery supply?

A

The medial & superior surfaces of the brain & frontal pole

38
Q

What does the middle cerebral artery supply?

A

The lateral surfaces & temporal pole

39
Q

What does the posterior cerebral artery supply?

A

The inferior surfaces & occipital pole

40
Q

Which layer of the meninges is avascular & loosely applied?

A

The arachnoid layer

Module 202 Neuroscience & behaviour (39 decks)

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