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Module 202 Neuroscience & behaviour > T1 L4 Neural tissues > Flashcards

T1 L4 Neural tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What does an afferent neuron do?

A

Transmits sensory information to the brain/spinal cord

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2
Q

What does an efferent neuron do?

A

Motor neurons transmitting information from the brain to effector organ i.e. a muscle

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3
Q

What is a ganglion?

A

Group of cell bodies outside the CNS

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4
Q

Give an example of a sensory ganglion

A

Dorsal root ganglion

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5
Q

What is dorsal?

A

Towards the spine/back

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6
Q

What is ventral?

A

Towards the belly

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7
Q

What is caudal?

A

Towards the tail

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8
Q

What is rostral?

A

Towards the nose

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9
Q

What is caudal?

A

Towards the tail

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10
Q

What are brodmann areas?

A

System for naming cortical areas. Each area has a particular set of inputs & outputs & often a specific function.

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11
Q

What is brodmann area 4?

A

Primary motor cortex

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12
Q

What is Brodmann area 17?

A

Primary visual cortex

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13
Q

How many Brodmann areas are there?

A

52

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14
Q

What does myelin do?

A

Electrically insultates

Increases conduction velocity

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15
Q

What classifies a bipolar neuron?

A

One dendrite
One axon
Less of them
Sensory neutrons such as the retina

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16
Q

What is divergent?

A

A single neuron sends its output signal to many neurons

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17
Q

What is convergent?

A

Multiple inputs influence a single neuron

18
Q

What are interneurons?

A

Found only in CNS
Not motor or sensory
Process signals
Can be excitatory or inhibitory

19
Q

How much of the brain are interneurons?

A

80%

20
Q

What are glia?

A

Have no action potentials
Are able to divide
Do not form synapses
Form myelin sheathes

21
Q

What are oligodendrocytes?

A

Production / maintenance of myelin sheath in CNS

One oligodendrocyte myelinates multiple axons

22
Q

Where are oligodendrocytes found?

A

CNS

23
Q

What are astrocytes?

A

Star shaped
Support neurons
Assist neuronal development / growth
Protects neutrons from harmful substances
Its feet influence blood flow & blood-brain barrier

24
Q

Where are astrocytes found?

A

CNS

25
Q

What are microglia

A 
Immune cells
Protect neutrons from disease
Migrate to injury sites
Engulf microbes / debris
Mesodermal origin
26
Q

Where are microglia found?

A

CNS

27
Q

What are ependymal cells?

A

They line the brain ventricles & central canal of spinal cord
Form CSF
Have cilia & microvilli

28
Q

Where are ependymal cells found?

A

CNS

29
Q

What are Schwann cells?

A

Produce / maintain myelin sheath
PNS regeneration
Similar to oligodendrocytes in the CNS

30
Q

Where are Schwann cells found?

A

PNS

31
Q

What are satellite cells?

A

Support neurons
Regulate exchange of materials between neutrons & interstitial fluid
Similar to astrocytes in CNS

32
Q

Where are satellite cells found?

A

PNS

33
Q

What glial cells are found in the central nervous system?

A

Astrocytes
Oligodendrocyte
Ependymal cell
Microglial cell

34
Q

What glial cells are found in the peripheral nervous system?

A

Schwann cells

Satellite cells

35
Q

What is a glioma?

A

Largest group of primary tumours derived from glial cells
Usually highly malignant
Grow rapidly
Difficult to remove completely with surgery
Usually inside cranium

36
Q

What is a neuroblastoma?

A 
Tumour
Most common in children & infants
Outside cranium
Derived from neural crest cells from sympathetic nervous system
Increased catecholamine levels
37
Q

What is the prognosis for neuroblastomas?

A

Initial prognosis is typically good

Often develop neurological problems around 30 years later

38
Q

What are the most common source of tumours in the nervous system?

A

Glia

39
Q

Give examples of post-synaptic cells

A

Neuron
Myocyte
Gland

40
Q

What are pyramidal cells?

A

Main neuron in neurocortex

41
Q

Where are purkinje cells found?

A

In the cerebellum

42
Q

Where are dorsal root ganglion found?

A

Just outside the spinal cord

Module 202 Neuroscience & behaviour (39 decks)

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