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Module 202 Neuroscience & behaviour > T1 L3 Topography of the brain > Flashcards

T1 L3 Topography of the brain Flashcards

1
Q

What is neurulation?

A

Formation of the embryonic neural plate & its transformation into the neural tube

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2
Q

What is the notochord?

A

Small flexible rod made from cells of the mesoderm

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3
Q

What do neural crest cells differentiate into?

A

Neurons & glia of sensory & autonomic nervous systems
Cells of adrenal gland
Epidermis
Skeletal / connective tissue of the head

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4
Q

What does the mantle layer become?

A

Brain parenchyma

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5
Q

What happens to the ependymal layer?

A

Lines ventricles

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6
Q

What is anencephaly?

A

Failure of anterior neuropore to close
Fatal
Entire forebrain is exposed

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7
Q

How common is anencephaly?

A

1 in 1000 pregnancies

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8
Q

What is spina bifida?

A

Failure of posterior neural tube to close
Causes open vertebral canal
Occulta - hidden, vertebral arch defect only
Cystic - meningocele - meninges projects out

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9
Q

How common is spina bifida?

A

1-2 in 1000 pregnancies

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10
Q

What does the prosencephalon vesicle form?

A

Forebrain

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11
Q

What does the mesencephalon vesicle form?

A

Midbrain

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12
Q

What does the rhombencephalon vesicle form?

A

Hindbrain

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13
Q

What primary vesicle forms the forebrain?

A

Prosencephalon

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14
Q

What primary vesicle forms the midbrain?

A

Mesencephalon

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15
Q

What primary vesicle forms the hindbrain?

A

Rhombencephalon

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16
Q

What does the telencephalon vesicle form?

A

Cerebral hemispheres

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17
Q

What does the optic vesicles form?

A

Eyes

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18
Q

What does the diencephalon vesicle form?

A

Thalamus / hypothalamus

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19
Q

What does the metencephalon vesicle form?

A

Pons / cerebellum

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20
Q

What does the myelencephalon vesicle form?

A

Medulla

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21
Q

What secondary vesicle forms the cerebral hemispheres?

A

Telencephalon

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22
Q

What secondary vesicles forms the eyes?

A

Optic vesicles

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23
Q

What secondary vesicles forms the thalamus / hypothalamus

A

Diencephalon

24
Q

What secondary vesicles forms the pons / cerebellum

A

Metencephalon

25
Q

What secondary vesicles forms the medulla

A

Myelencephalon

26
Q

What is grey matter?

A

Mainly neuronal cell bodies

Includes cerebral cortex & brain nuclei

27
Q

What is white matter?

A

Myelinated axons

28
Q

What does the central sulcus divide?

A

The frontal and parietal lobes

29
Q

What does the lateral sulcus divide?

A

The temporal and parietal lobes

30
Q

Describe the properties of the cerebral cortex

A

Outer layer of cerebral hemispheres
Fairly thin at 2-5mm
Folded to form gyri & sulci

31
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

White matter tract linking the cerebral hemispheres

32
Q

What are the 3 parts of the corpus callosum?

A

Genu
Body
Splenium

33
Q

What is the limbic system involved in?

A

Emotion

Memory

34
Q

What is the basal ganglia involved in?

A

Control of posture

Voluntary movement

35
Q

What does the limbic system span?

A

Telencephalon

Diencephalon

36
Q

What are the main components of the limbic system?

A 
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Cingulate cortex
Fornix
Hypothalamus
Mammillary bodies
37
Q

What is the fornix?

A

Semi-circular white matter connecting the hippocampus with mammillary bodies

38
Q

What are basal ganglia?

A

Series of interconnectivle nuclei at base of forebrain

39
Q

What does the corpus striatum divide into?

A

Caudate nucleus

Lentiform nucleus which divides into putamen & globes pallid us

40
Q

What shape is the lentiform nucleus?

A

Lens shaped

41
Q

What shape is the caudate nucleus?

42
Q

Describe the thalamus

A

Paired structure
Relays sensory information to cortex
Involved with voluntary movement, personality & consciousness

43
Q

Where is the hypothalamus located?

A

Inferior to thalamus

Sits below optic chasm & mammillary bodies

44
Q

What does homeostasis do?

A

Coordinates ANS & endocrine responses
Involved in thermoregulation, feeding, drinking, circadian rhythms
Receives inputs from limbic system

45
Q

What is the brainstem made up of?

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

46
Q

What is contained within the brainstem?

A

Cranial nerve nuclei
Vital respiratory & cardiovascular centres
Vomiting centre
Nuclei involved with motor control & sleep
White matter tracts

47
Q

What is in the midbrain?

A 
Superior colliculus
Inferior colliculus
Substantial nigra
Red nucleus
Cerebral peduncies
48
Q

What does the superior colliculus do?

49
Q

What does the inferior colliculus do?

50
Q

What does the red nucleus do?

A

Motor coordination - relay between cortex & cerebellum

51
Q

What does the pons do?

A

Relays information to the cerebellum

Contains reticular formation - nuclei concerned with sleep, motor control

52
Q

What does the medulla oblongata contain?

A

Nuclei important in controlling respiration & the cardiovascular system

53
Q

Describe the cerebellum

A 
Posterior to brainstem
Outer grey matter
Underlying white matter
2 cerebellar hemispheres
3 lobes
Contains nuclei
54
Q

What is the functions of the cerebellum?

A

Motor control
Control of posture
Coordination & planning limb movements
Control of eye movements

55
Q

What are the 3 lobes in the cerebellum?

A

Anterior lobe
Flocculonodular lobe
Posterior lobe

Module 202 Neuroscience & behaviour (39 decks)

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