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Module 202 Neuroscience & behaviour > T1 L12 Ventricular system & circulation of CSF > Flashcards

T1 L12 Ventricular system & circulation of CSF Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ventricular system?

A

Series of CSF-filled interconnected spaces

Continuous with subarachnoid space & central canal

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2
Q

What forms the neural tube?

A

Neuroectoderm

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3
Q

What forms the ventricles & central canal?

A

Lumen of the neural tube

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4
Q

What does the ependymal layer line?

A

The ventricles & central canal

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5
Q

What does the telencephalon form?

A

Cerebral hemispheres

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6
Q

What does the diencephalon form?

A

Thalamus / hypothalamus

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7
Q

What does the mesencephalon form?

A

Midbrain

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8
Q

What does the metencephalon form?

A

Pons / cerebellum

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9
Q

What does the myelencephalon form?

A

Medulla

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10
Q

Where does the anterior horn sit?

A

In the frontal lobe

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11
Q

What does the inferior horn sit?

A

Temporal lobe

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12
Q

Where does the posterior horn sit?

A

Occipital lobe

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13
Q

What separates the lateral ventricles?

A

Septum pellucidum

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14
Q

Where does the corpus callosum sit?

A

In the roof of the lateral ventricles

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15
Q

What are the lateral ventricle borders?

A

Caudate nucleus sits in lateral wall

Hippocampus sits in floor of inferior horn

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16
Q

What is the function of the interventricular foramen?

A

Way for the lateral ventricles to communicate with the third ventricle
Also called Foramen of Monro

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17
Q

What forms the roof of the third ventricle?

A

The fornix

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18
Q

Where is the third ventricle?

A

Sits like cleft between thalami

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19
Q

What is the cerebral aqueduct?

A

Way for the third ventricles to communicate with the fourth ventricle
Also called aqueduct of Sylvius

20
Q

What surrounds the cerebral aqueduct?

A

Surrounded by the midbrain

21
Q

What is the fourth ventricle surrounded by?

A

Hindbrain
Posterior - cerebellum
Anterior - pons & medulla
Lateral - cerebellar peduncles

22
Q

Describe the fourth ventricle communication

A

3 foramen exit into subarachnoid space:
2 foramen of Luschka (lateral)
1 foramen of Magendie (middle)
Into cisterns magna

23
Q

What is the function of the choroid plexus?

A

Produces CSF
Filters blood from branches of internal carotid & basilar arteries
Present throughout ventricles

24
Q

What is the structure of the choroid plexus?

A

Very simple

Capillary network surrounded by cuboidal epithelium

25
Q

What happens during CSF production?

A

1) Blood filtered through fenestrated capillaries

2) Components transported through cuboidal epithelium into ventricles

26
Q

What are the functions of the tight junctions between the epithelial cells in the choroid plexus?

A

Prevent macromolecules from entering CSF
Permeable to water & CO2

Forms blood-CSF barrier

27
Q

Describe cuboidal epithelium

A

Specialised ependyma
Villi present to increase surface area
Active transport of CSF components
Bidirectional - uptake of metabolites into circulatory system

28
Q

What is the composition of CSF?

A

Differs in ionic composition compared to plasma
Protein is much lower at 0.18
Differences due to regulation by active transport
Very few cells
Ideal for physiological functioning of neurons

29
Q

Describe the flow of CSF

A

Lateral ventricles –> inter ventricular foramen –> third ventricle –> cerebral aqueduct –> forth ventricle –> Luschka & Magendie foramina –> cisterns magna –> out ventricles into subarachnoid space

30
Q

Where is the subarachnoid space?

A

Between the Pia & arachnoid

Follows contours of brain

31
Q

What is the functional importance of the subarachnoid space?

A

CSF in contact with brain parenchyma to allow transfer of micronutrients into the brain & removal of metabolites

32
Q

What are arachnoid granulations?

A

Herniations of arachnoid membrane through dura mater into venous sinuses
Mainly within superior sagittal & transverse sinuses

33
Q

Describe the absorption of CSF

A

CSF pressure must exceed that in venous sinuses (150mm in subarachnoid, 80mm water in venous sinuses)
If venous pressure exceeds CSF pressure the tips of villi close off to prevent reflux of blood into subarachnoid space

34
Q

What is the volume of CSF?

A

500ml produced per day
90-140ml in system
Continuously moving
Excess absorbed by arachnoid granulations

35
Q

What are the main functions of CSF?

A

Hydraulic buffer to cushion brain against trauma
Vehicle for removal of metabolites from CNS
Stable ionic environment for neuronal function
Transport of neurotransmitters & chemicals

36
Q

What can make CSF yellow?

A

(Xanthocromia)

Subarachnoid haemorrhage - lysis of RBC, haemoglobin release

37
Q

What can make CSF cloudy?

A

Multiple sclerosis - protein content increase

Bacterial meningitis - leucocytes are increased

38
Q

How do you sample CSF?

A

Lumbar puncture
At lumbar cistern as there is no spinal cord here
L3/L4 in adults
L4/L5 in children

39
Q

What is hydrocephalus?

A

Dilation of brain ventricles
Increased intracranial pressure
Congenital or acquired

40
Q

What can cause hydrocephalus?

A

Blocked CSF circulation
Impaired absorption
Over secretion

41
Q

What are the symptoms of hydrocephalus?

A 
Causes pressure on surrounding tissues which affects neurological function
Headaches
Vomiting
Visual disturbance
Papilledema
Seizures
Altered cognition
Balance & coordination problems
42
Q

What is non-communicating hydrocephalus?

A

Blockage within ventricular system

CSF doesn’t circulate over surface of brain

43
Q

What can cause a blockage in the ventricular system?

A

Tumour
Cyst
Stenosis

44
Q

What surgery is done for non-communicating hydrocephalus?

A

Insert shunt to reduce intracranial pressure

45
Q

What is Dandy-Walker syndrome?

A

Congenital malformation of cerebellum
Obstruction within foramina of fourth ventricle - symmetrical dilation of lateral, third & fourth ventricles
In infancy the child’s head may become enlarged

46
Q

What is communicating hydrocephalus?

A

Obstruction in arachnoid villi

Movement of CSF into venous sinuses is impeded

47
Q

What are some causes of communicating hydrocephalus?

A

Impaired absorption following subarachnoid haemorrhage
Trauma
Bacterial meningitis

Module 202 Neuroscience & behaviour (39 decks)

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