T2 L1 Face, temporal & infra temporal fossa Flashcards
What are the key muscles of the face?
Occipitofrontalis Orbicularis occuli Orbicularis oris Zygomaticus major Platysma Buccinator
What does the occipitofrontalis do?
Elevates eyebrows
What does the orbicularis occuli do?
Closes eyelids
What does the orbicularis oris do?
Closes mouth
What does the zygomaticus major do?
Elevates labial commisure
What does the platsyma muscle do?
Depresses mandible against resistance, tenses facia of neck
What does the buccinator muscle do?
Compresses cheek
What innervates the muscles of facial expression?
Facial nerve
What supplies the cutaneous innervation of the face?
Trigeminal nerve
What is the type & exit of cranial nerve VII (facial)
Type: sensory, taste, general motor & visceral motor
Exit: internal acoustic meatus, facial canal, stylomastoid foramen
What are the branches of the facial nerve?
Motor - posterior auricular, temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal, mandibular, cervical
Parasympathetic branches to pterygopalatine ganglion
How is taste supplied by cranial nerve VII?
Via chorda tympani via lingual nerve from anterior 2/3rds of tongue
What does the general sensory part of cranial nerve VII supply?
The skin over external auditory meatus
What are the 3 salivary glands in the head?
Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual
Describe the path of the parotid duct
Leaves gland at anterior edge & passes through corner of mouth
Turns deep through buccinator
Opens into oral cavity at upper second molar tooth
What runs through the parotid gland?
Retromandibular vein
External carotid artery
Facial nerve
What are the muscles of mastication?
Temporalis
Masseter
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid
What does the temporalis muscle do?
Elevation of jaw
Retraction of jaw
What does the masseter muscle do?
Elevation of jaw
What does the medial pterygoid muscle do?
Elevation
Side to side
What does the lateral pterygoid muscle do?
Protrusion
Depression
What supplies the muscles of mastication?
Motor branch of V3
What is the type and exit of cranial nerve V (trigeminal)?
Type: somatic (general sensory) & somatic motor to derivatives of 1st pharyngeal arch
Exit: V1 = superior orbital fissure, V2 = foramen rotundum, V3 = foramen ovale
What are the 3 divisions of cranial nerve V?
Ophthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular
What is the type & exit of V1 (ophthalmic) nerve
Type: sensory fibres skin, mucous membranes, conjunctive, front of head & nose
Exit: superior orbital fissure
What are the branches of the V1 nerve?
Lacrimal
Nasociliary
Frontal
What is the type & exit of V2 (maxillary)?
Type: sensory fibres dura, nasal, upper cheek, lip, teeth
Exit: foramen rotundum
What is the path of V2?
Enters pterygopalatine fossa, gives off branches to pterygopalatine ganglion through inferior orbital fissure
What are the branches of the V2 nerve?
Infraorbital
Zygomatiofacial
Zygomaticotemporal
What is the type & exit of V3 (mandibular)?
Type: mixed sensory, lower face, lip, teeth. Motor to muscles of mastication
Exit: foramen ovale
What are the branches of the V3 nerve?
Sensory - auriculotemporal, buccal, mental, lingual, inferior alveolar
Motor - temporalis, masseter, medial & lateral pterygoids, nerve to mylohyoid
Parasympathetic to salivary glands
Where is the temporal fossa located?
On the lateral surface of the skull
What does the temporal fossa contain?
Temporalis muscle
Branches of V2
What does the infratemporal fossa contain?
Medial & lateral pterygoids Maxillary artery V3 Branches of facial nerve Glossopharyngeal nerve Pterygoid plexus of veins
What is the arterial supply to the face?
From the external carotid artery
What are the key branches of the external carotid artery?
Lingual
Facial
Maxillary
Superficial temporal
What drains the majority of the face?
The facial vein
What does the facial vein drain into?
The internal jugular vein
What does the superficial temporal vein drain into?
The external jugular vein
