Systems of The Body

Question 1

**Integumentary **

involves?

functions? (5)

Answer 1

skin & associated structures - **hair, fingernails, toenails, sweat & oil glands **

• protect body
• regulate body temp
• eliminate waste
• make some vitamin D
• detect sensation - pain & touch, warmth, cold

Question 2

**Skeletal **

involves?

functions? (5)

Answer 2

**Bones **& **Joints, **associated cartilages

• support
• protect
• provide surface area for muscle attachments
• house cells that produce blood cells
• store minerals & lipids

Question 3

**Muscular **

functions? (4)

Answer 3

**skeletal muscle **(muscle attached to bones)

• participate in body movement
• walking
• maintain posture
• produce heat

Question 4

Nervous

functions? (3)

Answer 4

Brain, Spinal cord, nerves, special sense organs **(eyes **& **ears) **

**- **generate action potentials to regulate body activities

• detect changes in internal & external environments
• responds by causing muscular contractions or glandular secretions

Question 5

Endocrine

function?

(def’n of **hormone) **

Answer 5

hormone producing glands - pineal, hypothalamus, pituitary , thymus, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, testes

(italics means they are a gland)

• regulate body activities by releasing **hormones **(chemical messengers transported in blood from endocrine gland or tissue to target gland)

Question 6

**Cardiovascular **

functions? (3)

Answer 6

blood, heart, blood vessels

• heart pumps blood through blood vessels
• blood carries oxygen & nutrients to cells, carries waste & CO₂ away
• regulate acid-base balance, temperature & H₂O content

Question 7

**Lympathic **

functions? (3)

Answer 7

**lymphatic fluid & vessels, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes & tonsils, **cells that carry out immune responses - **B cells, T cells **& others

• returns proteins & fluid to body
• carries lipids from GI tract to blood
• contains site of maturation & proliferaton of B + T cells that protect against disease-causing microbes

Question 8

Respiratory

functions? (3)

Answer 8

lungs, **air passageways: **pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), bronchial tubes **leading into/out of lungs

• transfer O₂from inhaled air to blood & CO₂from blood to exhaled air
• regulate acid-base balance of body fluids
• air flowing out of lungs through vocal cords produces sounds

Question 9

**Digestive **

functions? (3)

Answer 9

organs of GI tract, **long tube includes **mouth, pharynx, esophagus (food tube), stomach, small & large intestine, anus, **accessory organs that assist in digestive processes: salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

• physicsal & chemical breakdown of food
• absorb nutrients
• eliminate solid waste

Question 10

**Urinary **

functions? (3)

• urine & wastes
• regulate?
• maintain?

Answer 10

kidney, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

• produce/store/eliminate urine & wastes
• regulate volume + chemical composition of blood & production of RBC
• maintain acid-base balance & mineral balance

Question 11

**Reproductive **

functions?

• produce
• release

Answer 11

**Gonads (testes **& ovaries)

male: epididymides, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, penis
female: uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands

- gonads produce **gametes ***(oocytes & sperm) *that unite to form a new organism

• gonads release hormons that regulate reproduction & other body processes
• associated organs transport & store gametes
• mammary glands produce milk