Chapter 19 - Cardiovascular System - Blood Flashcards
**Blood **
liquid connective tissue consisting of cells surrounded by liquid extracellular matrix **(blood plasma) **
(3) general functions of blood
transportation
regulation
protection
(2) components of blood
1) blood plasma
2) formed elements (cells & cell fragments)
blood plasma
watery liquid extracellular matrix
**Blood Plasma **is made up of?
91.5% water, 8.5% solutes (primarily proteins)
What synthesizes most plasma proteins?
Hepatocytes
Types of Plasma Proteins
Albumins (54%)
fibrinogen
antibodies
globulins (38%)
(3) components of formed elements of blood
1) red blood cells
2) white blood cells
3) platelets
**Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes) **
contain?
production = ?
shape?
consist of?
lack?
contain **hemoglobin - **oxygen-carrying protein
production **= destruction **(2 million new RBCs/second)
biconcave disk (increases surface area)
glycolipids in PM responsible for ABO & Rh blood groups
no nucleus or mitochondria
Hemoglobin
made of?
**Heme - **ring like nonprotein pigment
- 1 in each of 4 chains
**Globin - **4 polypeptide chains
Hemoglobin & Iron
iron ion at center of heme ring can combine reversibly with one oxygen molecule
What can bind to hemoglobin?
Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide & Nitric Oxide (NO)
release of nitric oxide from hemoglobin causes?
**vasodilation **- increase in blood vessel diameter
to improve blood flow & oxygen delivery
RBCs live ___ days
synthesis?
120 days
cannot synthesize new components - no nucleus or other organelles
What happens to ruptured blood cells?
Ruptured red blood cells removed from circulation & destroyed by fixed
phagocytic macrophages in spleen and liver
**Recycling Process **of Blood cells
1) macrophages phagocytize ruptured RBCs (in spleen, liver or red bone marrow)
2) globin & heme portions are split
3) globin is broken down to amino acids - used to make proteins
4) Iron is removed from heme in form of FE(3+) & ends as yellow pigment **urobilin **in urine or brown pigment **stercobilin **in feces
**White Blood Cells **
have?
lack?
have nuclei
lack hemoglobin
Types of WBCs
1) Granular
2) Agranular
Granular **Leukocytes **(WBCs)
- types (3)
neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
Agranular **Leukocytes **(WBCs)
- types (2)
lymphocytes
monocytes
WBCs live for ___ days except for ___ which live?
a few days except **lymphocytes **which live for months or years
Leukocytosis
normal protective response to invaders, strenuous
exercise, anesthesia and surgery
Leukopenia
abnormally low level of WBCs
Which **WBCs **are active phagocytes?
attracted by?
**Neutrophils **and **marophages **
chemotaxis