Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

KIN 260 > Chapter 24 - Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 24 - Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

(2) groups of organs compose digestive system

A

**Gastrointestinal (GI) tract **

Accessory digestive organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gastrointestinal (GI) tract

A

mouth, most of pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine & large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Accessory digestive organs

A

teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder & pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

(6) functions of digestive system

A

ingestion

secretion of water, acid, buffers & enzymes into lumen

mixing & propulsion

digestion (mechanical & chemical)

absorption

defecation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

(4) LAYERS of GI Tract

A

Mucosa

Submucosa

Muscularis

Serosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Mucosa - inner lining

A

**epithelium - **protection, secretion & absorption

**lamina propria - **CT with blood & lymphatic vessels & MALT

**muscularis mucosae - **thin layer of folded smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Submucosa

A

CT binding mucosa to muscularis

contains many blood & lymphatic vessels

**submucosal plexus - **network of neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Muscularis

A

voluntary skeletal muscle in pharynx, mouth, upper 2/3 of esophagus & anal sphincter

involuntary smooth muscle elsewhere

arranged in **inner circular fibers **& **outer longitudinal fibers **

**myenteric plexus **between muscle layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Serosa

A

outermost covering of organs suspended in abdominopelvic cavity

also called visceral peritoneum

esophagus lacks serosa - has **adventitia **

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Neural Innervation (2)

A

Enteric Nervous system

Autonomic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

enteric nervous sytem

A

intrinsic set of nerves - “brain of gut”

neurons extending from esophagus to anus

(2) plexuses
- **myenteric **(GI tract motility)

**- submucosal **(controlling secretions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Autonomic Nervous system

A

extrinsic set of nerves

**Parasympathetic **stimulation - increases secretion & activity by stimulating ENS

**Sympathetic **stimulation - decreases secretion & activity by inhibiting ENS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Peritoneum

divided into? (2)

A

largest serous membrane of body

**parietal - **lines wall of cavity

visceral (aka serosa) - covers organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

(5) major peritoneal folds

A

greater omentum

falciform ligament

lesser omentum

mesentery

mesocolon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Oral Cavity

formed by?

A

cheeks, hard & soft palates & tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Oral cavity proper

A

space from gums & teeth to fauces (opening between oral cavity & oropharynx)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

(3) pairs of major salivary glands secrete most of saliva

A

parotid

submandibular

sublingual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Salivation controlled by?

parasympathetic stimulation

sympathetic stimulation

A

ANS

parasympathetic stimulation - promotes secretion

sympathetic stimulation - decreases salivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Teeth - (3) major regions

A

crown

root

neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Dentin of crown covered by ___

A

enamel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

2 sets of teeth

A

deciduous (baby teeth)

permanent teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Mechanical Digestion in mouth

A

chewing

tongue, teeth, saliva

forms bolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Chemical Digestion

A

**salivary amylase - **secreted by salivary glands acts on starches

inactived by stomach acid

**lingual lipase - **secreted by lingual glands of tongue acts on triglycerides

activated in acidic environment of stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Pharynx

(3) parts

A

food passes from mouth into pharynx

**nasopharynx **- respiration

**oropharynx - **digestive & respiratory

**laryngopharynx - **digestive & respiratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Esophagus

A

secretes mucous, transports food - no enzymes produced, no absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Esophagus

1) mucosa
2) submucosa
3) muscularis
4) adventitia

A

1) protection against wear & tear
2) —
3) divided into third

superior - skeletal

middle - skeletal & smooth

inferior - smooth

2 sphincters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

(2) sphincters in esophagus muscularis

A

Upper esophageal sphincter (UES) - regulates movement into esophagus

**Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) - **regulates movement into stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Swallowing involves (3)

(3) stages

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus

**voluntary - **bolus → oropharynx

**pharyngeal - **pharynx → esophagus

**esophageal - **esophagus → stomach

29
Q

Stomach

(4) main regions

A

cardia

fundus

**body **

**pyloric part **- pyloric antrum, pyloric canal, pylorus

30
Q

Stomach mucosa

A

gastric glands open into gastric pits

(3) types of exocrine gland cells
- mucous neck cells, parietal cells, chief cells (pepsinogen & gastric lipase)

**G cell - **endocrine cell - secretes gastrin

31
Q

Muscularis of Stomach

A

additional 3rd inner oblique layer

32
Q

Serosa

A

part of visceral peritoneum

33
Q

Mechanical Digestion

A

mixing waves - creates chyme

34
Q

Chemical Digestion

  • gastric juice

parietal & chief cells

A

digestion of **salivary amylase **

inactivated by acidic **gastric juice **- activates lingual lipase (digest triglycerides into FAs & diglycerides)

**Parietal cells- **secrete HCl (kills microbes & denatures proteins)

**pepsin **secreted by chief cells (digests proteins)

**gastric lipase **splits triglycerides into FAs & monoglycerides

35
Q

Pancreas

A

lies posterior to greater curvature of stomach

pancreatic juice secreted into pancreatic duct & accessory duct to small intestine

36
Q

pancreatic duct joins __ ___ __ and enters ___ at ___ ___

A

common bile duct

duodenum

hepatopancreatic ampulla

37
Q

Histology of Pancreas

A

99% of cells are acini

  • exocrine
  • secrete pancreatic juice

1% of cells are **pancreatic islets (Islets of Langerhans) **

  • endocrine
  • secretes hormones glucagon, insulin, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide
38
Q

Liver

composed of (3)

A

heaviest gland of body

1) hepatocytes
2) bile canaliculi
3) hepatic sinusoids

39
Q

1) hepatocytes

A

major functional cells of liver

secrete bile

40
Q

**2) bile canaliculi **

exits liver as?

A

ducts between hepatocytes that collect bile

common hepatic duct → cystic duct from gallbladder → common bile duct

41
Q

Hepatic Sinusoids

A

highly permeable blood capillaries recieving oxygenated blood from **hepatic artery **& deoxygenated blood from hepatic portal vein

42
Q

Gallbladder

contraction of smooth muscle fibers eject contents of gall bladder into ?

A

cystic duct

43
Q

Functions of Gallbladder

A

store & concentrate bile produced by liver until it is needed in small intestine

44
Q

Hepatic Blood Flow

liver recieves blood from:

A

**hepatic artery **carrying oxygenated blood

**hepatic portal vein **carries deoxygenated blood

45
Q

Small Intestine

(3) regions

A

duodenum

jejunum

ileum

46
Q

Mucosa of Small Intestine

A

absorptive cells

goblet cells

intestinal glands

paneth cells

enteroendocrine cells

47
Q

Submucosa of Small intestine

A

dudenal glands secrete alkaline mucus

48
Q

Duodenum

A

recieves stomach contents, pancreatic juice & bile

neutralize stomach acid, emulsifies fats, pepsin inactivated by pH increase, pancreatic enzymes

49
Q

Jejunum

A

most digestion & nutrient absorption occur here

50
Q

Ileum

A

has peyers patch - clusters of lymphatic nodules

ends at **ileocecal junction **with large intestine

51
Q

Special structural features of small intestine

A

circular folds - permanent ridge of mucosa & submucosa

causes chyme to spiral

**Villi **- contains arteriole, venule, capillary & lacteal

**Microvilli - **projections of absorptive cells

52
Q

Brush Border Enzymes

A

inserted into plasma membrane of absorptive cells

53
Q

Mechanical Digestion

governed by?

segmentations

A

myenteric plexus

localized mixing contractions

mix chyme & bring it in contact with mucosa for absorption

54
Q

Chemical Digestion

1) carbohydrates
2) proteins

A

1) pancreatic amylase

a-dextrinase, sucrase, lactase, maltase in brush border

2) **trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase & elastase **from pancreas

**aminopeptidase & dipeptidase **in brush border

55
Q

Lipid Digestion

emulsification by __ __ increases surface area

A

triglyceride digestion

bile salts

amphipathic - hydophobic & hydrophilic regions

56
Q

Nucleic Acids

A

**ribonuclease & deoxyribonuclease **in pancreatic juice

**nucleosidases & phosphatases **in brush border

57
Q

Absorption of:

1) Monosaccharides

2) Amino acids

A

1) facilitated diffusion or active transport
2) active transport

58
Q

Large Intestine

(4) major regions

A

cecum

rectum

colon

anal canal

59
Q

Large Intestine

**ileocecal sphincter **

A

**ileocecal sphincter - **between small & large intestine

60
Q

Colon divided into (4)

A

ascending, transverse, descending & sigmoid

61
Q

opening of **anal canal (anus) **guarded by ?

A

internal anal sphincter of smooth muscle & external anal sphincter of skeletal muscle

62
Q

Anatomy of large intestine

A

Mucosa - mostly absorptive & goblet cells

no circular folds or villi

has microvilli

Submucosa

Muscularis - longitudinal muscle modified to form teniae coli

forms **baustria - **pouches

63
Q

**Large Intestine **begins as __ & __ in lower right corner

A

cecum & appendix

64
Q

Digestion of Large Intestine

1) mechanical digestion
2) chemical digestion

A

1) haustral churning

peristalsis

mass peristalsis

2) bacterial action, no enzymes

65
Q

Anatomy of Anal Canal

anal columns

hemorrhoids

A

**anal columns - **longitudinal ridges seperated by mucus secreting anal sinuses

**hemorrhoids - **permanently distended veins

66
Q

Defecation

A

stretching of rectum

intrinsic defecation reflex via myenteric plexus → muscularis contracts & internal sphincter relaxs

**parasympathetic defecation reflex **via spinal cord

stretching of rectum → sensory signals to spinal cord →splanchnic nerves return signals

67
Q

**Defecation **occurs only if ?

A

**external anal sphincter **is voluntarily relaxed

68
Q

abdominal contractions **increase **abdominal pressure as…

A

**levator ani **lifts **anal canal **upwards

feces will fall away

69
Q
A

KIN 260 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions