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KIN 260 > Chapter 22 - Lymphatic System & Immunity > Flashcards

Chapter 22 - Lymphatic System & Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Immunity/Resistance

A

ability to ward off damage or disease

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2
Q

(2) types of immunity

A

**Innate - **non specific

1st/2nd line of defense

**Adaptive - **specific recognition of invaders

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3
Q

Lymphatic system

A

lymph, lymphatic vessels, structures & organs containing lymphatic tissue & red bone marrow

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4
Q

Functions of Lymphatic system

A

drain excess interstitial fluid

transport dietary lipids

carry out immune responses

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5
Q

Lymphatic vessels begin as lymphatic ____

A

capillaries - closed at one end

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6
Q

Lymphatic capillaries unite to form large lymphatic ____

A

vessels - resemble veins in structure but thinner walls & more valves

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7
Q

Lymphatic: Capillaries → vessels → ???

A

passes through lymph nodes

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8
Q

Lymph nodes

A

Encapsulated organs with masses and B and T cells

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9
Q

Lymphatic capillaries

A

larger diameter than blood capillaries

unique one-way structure

permit intersitial fluid to flow in but not out

anchoring filaments pull opening wider when interstitial fluid accumulates

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10
Q

Lacteals

A

specialized lymphatic capillaries in small intestine that carry dietary lipids into vessels & then blood

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11
Q

Chyle

A

lymph with lipids

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12
Q

Vessels exit lymph nodes to form lymph ___

A

trunks

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13
Q

Principal lymph trunks are…? (5)

A

lumbar

intestinal

bronchomediastinal

subclavian

jugular

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14
Q

Lymph passes from lymph trunks into (2) main channels before draining into…

A

thoracic & right lymphatic ducts

venous blood

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15
Q

Most components of blood plasms filter freely though capillary walls to form interstitial fluid but more fluid filters out of blood capillaries than returns to them by …`

A

reabsorption

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16
Q

excess filtered fluid drains into?

A

lymphatic vessels & becomes lymph

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17
Q

lymph

A

interstitial fliud in lymphatic vessels

18
Q

Important function of lymphatic vessels

A

to return lost plasma proteins to blood stream

19
Q

(2) pumps aiding venous return also used maintain flow of lymph

A

1) skeletal muscle pump
2) respiratory

20
Q

Lymphatic tissue & organs

(2) groups based on function

A

1) primary lymphatic organs
2) secondary lymphatic organs

21
Q

primary lymphatic organs

A

sites where stem cells divide and become immunocompetent

- red bone marrow & thymus

22
Q

Secondary lymphatic organs

A

where most immune response occurs

lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic nodules

23
Q

Thymus

A

in mediastinum between sternum & aorta

  • 2 lobes seperated by capsule but held close by connective tissue

**trabeculae **(extensions of capsule) divide each lobe into lobules

  • outer **cortex **& inner medulla
24
Q

Outer cortex of Thymus

A

composed of many **T cells **which came from red bone marrow

**Dendritic cells **derived from monocytes assist in T cell maturation

specialized **epithelial cells **assist in T cell maturation

  • **macrophages **clear out dead cells
25
Q

Medulla

A

scattered, nore mature T cells

epithelial, dendritic cells & macrophages

26
Q

Lymph nodes

located?

A

~600 scattered throughout body

located along lymphatic vessels

STROMA: structural framework

covered by **capsule **that has **trabeculae **which divides nodes into compartments

reticular fibers & fibroblasts internal to capsule

**PARENCHYMA: **functioning part

divided into cortex (inner + outer) & medulla

27
Q

**Parenchyma **of Lymph Node

A

Outer cortex - aggregates of B cells (lymphatic nodules/follicles)
– site of plasma cell and memory B cell formation

**Inner cortex - **mainly T cells & dendritic cells

**Medulla - **B cells, macrophages, antibody producing plasma cells from cortex

28
Q

Flow of Lymph - one direction

A

enters through **afferent lymphatic vessels → subscapular sinus → traneculae sinus → medullary sinus → efferent lymphatic vessels **

29
Q

Lymph nodes function as ___

A

filter

foreign substances trapped by reticular fibers & destroyed by macrophages

30
Q

Spleen

A

largest single mass of lymphatic tissue in body

31
Q

Spleen

consists of?

A

**Stroma **

**Parenchyma **

32
Q

**Parenchyma **of spleen

consists of (2) different kinds of tissue

A
  • *White pulp **- lymphatic tissue (lymphocytes and
    macrophages) arranged around central arteries (branches of splenic artery)
  • B & T cells carry out immune function

**Red pulp **- blood-filled **venous sinuses **& **splenic cords ** (RBCs, macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells & granulocytes

33
Q

Within red pulp, spleen performs (3) functions

A

1) removal of ruptured RBCs by macrophages
2) storage of platelets
3) hemopoiesis - production of blood cells

34
Q

Lymphatic nodules

A

not surrounded by capsule

Scattered throughout lamina propria of mucous membranes lining GI, urinary, reproductive tract (**Mucosa-associated Lymphatic tissue - MALT) **

small & solitary

larger - Tonsils, Peyers patches & appendix

35
Q

Innate Immunity

first line of defenses?

provides…

A

: Skin and mucous membranes

both physical & chemical barriers

36
Q

**Innate Immunity **- Physical barriers

A

epidermis

mucous membranes

nose hairs

cilia of upper respiratory tract

37
Q

**Innate Immunity - **Fluids

A

Lacrimal apparatus of eye

Saliva

Urine

Vaginal secretions, defecation & vomiting

38
Q

**Innate Immunity - **chemicals

A

sebaceous (oil) glands secrete sebum

perspiration, gastric juice & vaginal secretions - (all acidic)

39
Q

Innate Immunity - 2nd line of defense?

A

Internal defenses

40
Q

**Innate Immunity - **Antimicrobial substances

A

**Interferons ** - produced by lymphocytes, macrophages & fibroblasts

**complement system - **proteins in blood plasma & PMs enhance immune rxns

Iron-binding proteins - inhibit bacteria growth by reducing available iron

**Antimicrobial Proteins (AMPs) - **attract dendritic & mast cells that participate in immune responses

41
Q

Innate Immunity

  • Natural Killer (NK) cells
A

Lymphocyte but not a B or T cell

  • can kill variety of infected bodies & certain tumour cells
  • attack any cell displaying abnormal plasma membrane proteins

release **perforin **or **granzymes **

42
Q

**Innate Immunity - **phagocytes

A

**Neutrophils & **macrophages **

migrate to infected area

(5) steps of phagocytosis
- chemotaxis, adherence, ingestion, digestion, killing

KIN 260 (20 decks)

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