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NEUR*2000 > Synaptic Activity Cue Cards > Flashcards

Synaptic Activity Cue Cards Flashcards

1
Q

What are synapses?

A

The places where neurons connect and communicate with each other, they are how neural impulses get transferred cell to cell.

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2
Q

What are the two types of synapses?

A

Chemical Synapse and Electrical Synapse.

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3
Q

How does an electrical synapse work?

A

The transfer of ions through connexon channels in a gap junction

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4
Q

What is different about a electrical synapse from a chemical synapse?

A

There is direct contact between the presynaptic neuron and the post synaptic neuron, and the electrical synapse does not involve neurotransmitters

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5
Q

How does a chemical synapse work?

A

Neurotransmitters are getting released into the synaptic cleft where they will go through ion channels at the post synaptic cleft.

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6
Q

What is the major protein connector of the electrical synapse?

A

Connexon

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7
Q

What are some key characteristics of the electrical synapse

A
  • The narrow gap makes the communication extremely fast.
  • Permits easy flow of current
  • Ions, ATP molecules can go through it
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8
Q

What are connexons viewed as?

A

The entire functional unit

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9
Q

What are connexins?

A

The individual connexon (spans both pre and post synaptic cells)

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10
Q

What is the pore diameter of a connexon?

A

1.4nM (larger than most channels)

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11
Q

What is the size of an electrical synapse?

A

About 3.5nM (small for direct transmission)

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12
Q

What are some advantages of a electrical synapse with regards to speed?

A

Very fast

  • It contains a depolarization current with a synaptic delay of 0.1ms
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13
Q

What are some advantages of electrical synapses with regards to flow?

A

Can have a uni-or bi-directional flow

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14
Q

What does the Uni or Bi directional flow in an electrical synapse do?

A

It synchronizes activity between neurons

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15
Q

What are some examples of the synchronized activity between neurons as a result of uni or bi-directional flow?

A
  • Regulation of breathing (brain stem)
  • Posterior pituitary gland (oxytocin and vasopressin - ADH)
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16
Q

What is the last advantage of an electrical synapse in regards to connections?

A

It connects neurons and glial cells.

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17
Q

What is an electrical cardio gram?

A

Traces electrical signalling in the heart.

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18
Q

What is the heart not made up of?

A

Neurons

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19
Q

What is the cell type in the heart?

A

It is made up of cardiac muscle cells (myocytes)

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20
Q

What do working myocytes produce in the heart?

A

Force

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21
Q

What is the electrical signalling in the heart measuring?

A

Activation, then contraction

22
Q

What is the SA Node?

A

Considered the pacemaker of the heart. Its electrical signals normally cause the atria of an adult’s heart to contract at a rate of about 60 to 100 times a minute

23
Q

What are some characteristics of the chemical synapse?

A

It is slower, unidirectional and has a wider gap than electrical synapses (40 - 50mM)

24
Q

What is a chemical synapse dependent on?

A

Ca2+ neurotransmitter release.

25
Q

What is the Pre-Synpatic membrane of a chemical synapse?

A

Active Zones… location of neurotransmitter vesicle collections and internal membrane fusion.. exocytosis

26
Q

What is the Post-Synaptic Membrane of a Chemical Synapse?

A

More Density to support synaptic activity.

27
Q

What is a Ligand Gated Channel?

A

A ligand (Neurotransmitter) has to bind to it, in order for the channel to open and ions to flow through
- Both a receptor and a channel

28
Q

What is an example of a Ligand Gated Channel?

A

The AchR (nicotine-Acetyl choline) receptor

29
Q

What are G-Protein Coupled Receptors?

A
  • Can activate K+ channels in neurons
  • Modulation of action potentials.. the frequency
  • Mostly intracellular signalling, metabolism
30
Q

What is an example of a G-Protein Coupled receptor?

A

Epinephrine

31
Q

What are the series of events of G-protein coupled receptors?

A

Neurotransmitter binds, G protein is activated, G-protein subunits or intracellular messengers modulate channel, Ion flows across membrane, Ion channels open.

32
Q

What is your ventral horn?

A

The cell bodies of motor neurons that send axons via the ventral roots of the spinal nerves to terminate on striated muscles

33
Q

What is a Motor Unit?

A

One neuron and all the muscles fibres that surround it.

34
Q

What do somatic motor neurons innervate?

A

Skeletel muscles

35
Q

What can one motor neuron innervate?

A

Many muscle fibres

36
Q

What is each muscle fibre innervated by?

A

Only one motor neuron (you can’t have two motor neurons plugged into same muscle fibre)

37
Q

What is excoystosis?

A

Moving cellular components from inside of cell to outside

38
Q

What are the three functions of exocytosis?

A

1.) Membrane Components
- Adds molecules from vesicle interior (GLUT4)

2.) Recycle Endocytosis products

3.) Secretion (In to out)
- Mucus
- Neurotransmitters
- WBC

39
Q

What is exocytosis done from?

A

Secretory Vesicles

40
Q

What is a Neuromuscular Junction?

A

The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a synaptic connection between the terminal end of a motor nerve and a muscle (skeletal/ smooth/ cardiac).

41
Q

What is the Neuro Muscular Junction a Site for?

A

It is the site for the transmission of action potential from nerve to the muscle.

42
Q

What is a patch (voltage) clamp recording?

A

Can manipulate a solution of Ach concentration and can inject a current

43
Q

What is a patch (voltage) clamp recording used for?

A

Examining behaviours of channels

44
Q

What are the recordings in a Patch (voltage) clamping recording?

A

I = current
Downward, inward positive current.

45
Q

What is A Motor end plate?

A

The specialized postsynaptic region of a muscle cell.

46
Q

What is the Motor End Plate Potential Proportional To?

A

Calcium concentration

47
Q

How many Calcium do you need to release one vesicle?

A

4 Calciums

48
Q

What inhibits Ach?

A

Magnesium

49
Q

What is the relationship graph between Ca and EPP?

A

Non Linear

50
Q

How many vesicles for One Action Potential

A

About 100 to 300

51
Q

How many packets of Ach molecules released in one action potential?

A

5,000 to 10,000

NEUR*2000 (11 decks)

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