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NEUR*2000 > Lecture 14 > Flashcards

Lecture 14 Flashcards

1
Q

nAchR

A

Nicotine Acetyl choline receptor

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2
Q

What do these proteins have to function as first?

A

A receptor before a channel

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3
Q

What is a terminal axon?

A

Most distal part of pre-synaptic cell

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4
Q

What is the inhibitor Curare?

A

Plant alkaloid - found in South America.. poison arrows

Partially blocks receptor site.

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5
Q

What is the inhibitor Alpha Bungarotoxin?

A

Venom from the Southeast Asian banded Krait

High affinity for AchRs (stronger affinity, binds stronger)

95 Amino Acid Sequence

Irreversible Binding

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6
Q

What is a Motor Unit?

A

A motor neuron and all of the muscle fibres it plugs into

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7
Q

What is a single motor apha neuron

A

No muscle fibres

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8
Q

Is an inhibitory neuron active?

A

Yes. Always active - just releases different neurotransmitter.

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9
Q

What is an inward current?

A

Sodium rushing into the cell.

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10
Q

Where is the cell body?

A

In the grey matter of the ventral root.

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11
Q

What is the predominant form of neurons operating?

A

Inhibitory neurons - control

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12
Q

Where is the Alpha Motor Neuron located?

A

Cell Body (ventral root) of spinal cord

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13
Q

What is an excitatory neurotransmitter?

A

Glutamate

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14
Q

Where does Glutamate come from?

A

Upper motor neurons, sensory neurons via Interneurons (cell body confined in grey matter)

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15
Q

What is a primary reflex?

A

Don’t need the neural impulse to hit the interneuron first

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16
Q

What are inhibitory neurotransmitters?

A

Glycine and GABA via spinal cord interneurons

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17
Q

What is the purpose of endocytosis?

A

Obtain cell nutrients, absorb/digest pathogens and cell debris (broken cells)

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18
Q

Where is Pinocytosis seen?

A

In neuromuscular junction.

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19
Q

How many AcH sites are there on the primary synaptic cleft

A

20,000 binding sites per micrometer squared

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20
Q

How many subunits in the nAchR

A

5 protein sub-unit

21
Q

How many Ach are required per receptor?

A

2 Ach Are required per receptor.

22
Q

What is the Alpha Bunagrotoxin?

A

Venom from a snake, it is an NachR inhibitor, it has a strong affinity for nAchR’s

23
Q

Where is the single a-motor neuron located?

A

In the grey matter of the ventral root.

24
Q

What is an inward current representing?

A

Sodium flooding into the cell

25
Q

What might you need in order for an action potential to be reached?

A

Need two excitatory neurotransmitters working at the same time.

26
Q

What would an inhibitory neurotransmitter do?

A

Put it below the resting potential (hyper polarization)

27
Q

What do excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters do?

A

They work together to put on gas and breaks of an action potential (very controlled)

28
Q

Where is an alpha motor neuron located?

A

In the spinal cord, particularly in the your cell body (grey matter)

29
Q

Where does your excitatory post-synaptic potential come from?

A

Excitatory neurotransmitters (glutamate)

30
Q

Where does Glutamate (or excitatory neurotransmitters) come from?

A

Upper motor neurons, sensory neurons.

31
Q

How do you get from you sensory neurons to your motor neurons

A

Via the interneuron

32
Q

What is the reflex arc?

A

A reflex arc is a neural pathway that controls a reflex. In vertebrates, most sensory neurons do not pass directly into the brain, but synapse in the spinal cord.

33
Q

What are inhibitory neurotransmitters?

A

Glycine and GABA

34
Q

Where do inhibitory neurotransmitters come from?

A

Spinal Cord Interneurons

35
Q

How do cells transport?

A

Via vesicles budding or by the cytoplasm pinching the cell and is being recycled back into the pre-synaptic membrane

36
Q

What is the purpose of endocytosis?

A

Endocytosis is the movement of out to in.
Obtain cell nutrients, absorb/digest pathogens and cell debris

37
Q

What is Pinocytosis?

A

A process by which the cell takes in the fluids along with dissolved small molecules.

38
Q

Where is Pinocytosis seen?

A

In the neuromuscular junction

39
Q

What does pinocytosis form?

A

A endoscope

40
Q

What is Phagocytosis?

A

Process by which certain living cells called phagocytes ingest or engulf other cells or particles.

41
Q

What does Phagocytosis form?

A

Large endoscope called phagocytes

42
Q

What is receptor mediated endocytosis?

A

Endosomes are formed

Involves particle recognition and membrane protein receptors

It concentrates particles to endocytic region of the membrane

43
Q

What is Clathrin?

A

A protein concentrated over endocytosis region of the membrane.

44
Q

What are endoscopes?

A

Are primarily intracellular sorting organelles. They regulate trafficking of proteins and lipids among other subcellular compartments of the secretory and endocytic pathway, specifically the plasma membrane Golgi, trans-Golgi network (TGN), and vacuoles/lysosomes.

45
Q

What does Clathrin form?

A

A clathrin coat

46
Q

What does Cathrin facilitate?

A

The capture of extracellular particles.

47
Q

What is Clathrin attached by?

A

Adaptic protein complexes - AP1) and AP2

48
Q

What are characteristics of the clathrin structure?

A

3 legs (proximal, distal and N-terminus) with 1 heavy chain and 1 light chain per leg.

49
Q
A

NEUR*2000 (11 decks)

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