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NEUR*2000 > Lecture 6 > Flashcards

Lecture 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Where is Na+ concentration the highest?

A

In the extracellular

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2
Q

Where is K+ concentration the highest?

A

In the intracellular

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3
Q

Where is Ca2+ concentration the highest?

A

In the extracellular

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4
Q

Where is the Cl- concentration the highest?

A

In the extracellular

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5
Q

What is Resting Membrane Potential?

A

Electrical charge separation across a membrane…at REST

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6
Q

What does a neuron do at Resting Potential?

A

Not triggered to release a neurotransmitter

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7
Q

What does a muscle cell do at Resting Potential?

A

Not triggered to produce a force

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8
Q

What is the mV of RMP

A

-80 to -60mV (depends on the cell)
- Cytosol vs.Extracellular Fluid

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9
Q

What does the resting membrane potential being negative mean?

A

It is in a “polarized state” - negative inside

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10
Q

What is Depolarization?

A

It loses polarity (switches to positive inside)
- Doing this by adding positively charged elements to the inside (Na+)

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11
Q

What is repolarization?

A

Restoring the polarized state (resting)

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12
Q

What is Hyperpolarization?

A

Making the cell “more” polarized.

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13
Q

What are the two types of biological signalling?

A

Electrical and chemical

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14
Q

What is the NERNST equation?

A

A measure of the equilibrium potential for ion, S

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15
Q

What is EN?

A

The voltage difference across a membrane to hold that ion in equilibrium.

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16
Q

What is the ENa?

A

+67mV

17
Q

What is the Ek?

A

-98mV

18
Q

What does the ENa and Ek values mean?

A

To hold sodium in equilibrium concentrations (145mM outside and 12mM inside), need a voltage difference of +67mV on the INSIDE of the cell.

19
Q

What is a key concept?

A

Opposite charges attract, like charges repel (polarity)

20
Q

What is the effect of a positive voltage inside the cell on Na+?

A

Has a repelling effect (keeps it outside the cell)

21
Q

What is the effect of a negative voltage inside the cell on K+?

A

Has an attractive effect (keep it inside the cell)

22
Q

What is the RMP for a skeletal muscle cell?

A

-65mV.

23
Q

What is Potassium considered to be?

A

A negative ion at -75mV
(Why the inside of the cell is considered to be electronegative at RMP)

24
Q

What is Sodium considered to be?

A

A positive ion at 55mV
(Why when the cell gets depolarized and sodium floods in, the cell turns positive)

25
Q

Depolarizing Potential

A

Moves membrane towards threshold

26
Q

Hyperpolarizing Threshold

A

Moving membrane away from the threshold

27
Q

What is a Temporal Summation?

A

Increased frequency of stimulations from ONE NEURON

28
Q

What is Spatial Summation?

A

Increased frequency of stimulations from MULTIPLE NEURONS

NEUR*2000 (14 decks)

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