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NEUR*2000 > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Epineurium of a Nerve?

A

Binds Fasicles together to form a nerve

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2
Q

What is the Perineurium of a Nerve?

A

Connective tissue that forms fascicles

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3
Q

What is the Endoneurium of a Nerve?

A

Thin connective tissue, separates neurons from another.

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4
Q

What is a Fasicle?

A

Group of Neurons

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5
Q

What is Adipose Tissue?

A

Known as body fat, extends throughout your body.

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6
Q

How does the Plasma Membrane form Sheet-Like Structures?

A
  • Forms a closed boundary.. select entry/exit (selective permeability)
  • 2 layers thick (60 - 100 ohmstrong)
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7
Q

How does the plasma membrane consist mainly of phospholipids and proteins?

A
  • 1:4 to 4:1 ratio… large variability
  • Mitochondria…. 76% protein, 24% lipid (wide range)
  • Plasma Membrane.. 50% to 50% composition.
  • Some membranes contain carbohydrates.. glycoproteins
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8
Q

Plasma Membrane: hydrophilic and hydrophobic

A
  • Spontaneous form of bilayer
  • Barrier to the flow of polar molecules
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9
Q

Plasma Membrane: Protein Function Specificity

A

Channels, pumps, energy transducers, receptors

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10
Q

Plasma Membrane: Polarized Structures

A

Inside of cell is typically electronegative (at a resting state).. with respect to outside.

Approximately -60mV

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11
Q

Plasma Membrane: Fluid Structures

A

Two Dimensional solutions of oriented proteins and lipids

  • Lipid Molecules: Diffuse Rapidly through membrane in the plane
  • Lipids and proteins do not rotate in the membrane (glycoproteins do)
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12
Q

What does the Fluid Mosaic Model Impose?

A

Membranes are not rigid… phospholipids provide fluid motion

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13
Q

What are the four membrane protein features?

A

Transport/Attachment.. into and out of the cell

Signal Transduction.. external to internal cellular changes (i.e changing metabolism)

Larger than Lipids.. move slower through membrane (heavier)

Immobile Proteins.. anchored to cytoskeleton

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14
Q

What are examples of receptors?

A
  • Insulin
  • Epinephrine
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15
Q

What are examples of Enzymes?

A
  • Na+/K+ AtPase (sodium/potassium pump)
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16
Q

What are examples of channels?

A
  • Aquaporin (water channel)
17
Q

What are examples of a Gated Channel?

A
  • Na +
  • K+
    (spend most of their time in a closed state)
18
Q

What are examples of cell identity?

A
  • MHC proteins
  • Immune System
19
Q

What are examples of CAMs?

A
  • Cell - Cell Adhesion Molecules
20
Q

What is the structure of the plasma membrane?

A
  • Thin film of lipid and protein molecules
  • Dynamic, fluid structure
21
Q

What are the 4 basic functions of Membrane Proteins?

A
  • Transport (i.e, glucose in glycolysis)
  • Enzyme Activity
  • Signal Transduction (molecule binds to proteins IN membrane to change something in cell)
  • Attachment/Recognition
22
Q

What are Integral Membrane Proteins (transmembrane)

A
  • Hydrophobic, non-polar amino acids.. forms alpha helixes, interacts with fatty acids
  • Hydrophilic, polar amino acids… external/internal portion of membrane proteins
23
Q

What are Peripheral Membrane Proteins?

A
  • DO not interact with hydrophobic core of membranes
  • Held to membrane surface.. hydrogen or ionic bonds
  • Example: cytoskeleton, intracellular (provides framework inside of cell)
24
Q

Where is more Na+ found in?

A

Extracellular fluid (outside)

25
Q

Where is more K+ found in?

A

Intracellular Fluid (Inside)

26
Q

Where is more Ca++ found in?

A

Found in extremely low concentrations inside the cell before activated.

27
Q

What is resting membrane potential units?

A

mV

28
Q

Where is there lower O2?

A

Intracellular

29
Q

Where is there greater CO2?

A

Intracellular

30
Q

What is the pH in the intracellular fluid?

A

7 (neutral)

31
Q

What is the pH in the extracellular fluid?

A

7.4

NEUR*2000 (14 decks)

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