Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the modes of communication of the Nervous System?

A
  • Bioelectric Energy (attraction of opposite charges - pos and neg) that is generated at the cellular level
  • Action Potentials
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2
Q

What does the CNS consist of?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

What does the PNS consist of?

A

All the nerves that are an extension of the CNS

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4
Q

What does efferent mean?

A

Communication away from CNS

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5
Q

What does afferent mean?

A

Communication towards CNS

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6
Q

What are the divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

A

Somatic and Autonomic

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7
Q

What is the division of the Autonomic PNS?

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

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8
Q

What is the somatic nervous system?

A

Voluntary control (i.e, moving arm)

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9
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system?

A

Done without thinking about it (breathing, heart rate, etc)

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10
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Carries signals regarding to the body’s “flight or fight” response (i.e, increased heart rate under mental stress)

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11
Q

What is the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Returns the body back to its normal state (relaxes body after periods of stress)

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12
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

Lobes named after cranial bones

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13
Q

Gyri

A

“Bumps” along the surface of the brain

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14
Q

Sulci

A

Small grooves between gyri

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15
Q

Fissures

A

Deep groves between gyri

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16
Q

What does the activation of neurons do?

A

Generate action potentials

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17
Q

What is the frontal lobe responsible for?

A
  • Short- term memory
  • Planning and control of movement
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18
Q

What is the central sulcus responsible for?

A

Separates pre-central and post-central Cyrus

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19
Q

What is the parietal lobe responsible for?

A

Somatic sensation - conscious level awareness (i.e, feeling your hand tapping the desk)

20
Q

What is the occipital lobe responsible for?

A

Vision (how we integrate and interpret wavelengths)

21
Q

What is your temporal lobe responsible for?

A
  • hearing and learning, memory and emotion.
22
Q

Where are nerve roots found?

A

In your spinal cord

23
Q

Ventral Roots

A

Send information out of spinal cord

24
Q

Dorsal Roots

A

Send information in

25
Q

Cervical Nerve Plexus

A

Neck and Shoulders

26
Q

Brachial Nerve Plexus

A

Arm and Upper Back

27
Q

Lumbosacral Plexus

A

Abdomen, legs, pelvis

28
Q

What does the diencephalon consist of?

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus

29
Q

What does the brain stem consist of?

A

Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

30
Q

Characteristics of the spinal cord

A
  • Cervical, thoracic, lumber, sacral
  • Relay between brain and body
  • Handles functions without the brain (i.e, reflexes)
31
Q

Characteristics of the cerebellum

A
  • Contains several major tracts (peduncles)
  • Learning of motor skills, fast responsive movements
32
Q

What are the characteristics of the medulla oblongata?

A
  • Digestion, breathing rate, heart rate
33
Q

What are the characteristics of pons?

A
  • Conveys information about movement from cerebrum to cerebellum via bio electro signalling
  • Regulates functions of medulla oblongata (i.e, breathing)
34
Q

What are the characteristics of the midbrain?

A

Regulates eye movements, visual and auditory reflexes.

35
Q

What are the characteristics of the diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus?

A

Thalamus - processes sensory information to the cerebral cortex (i.e. proprioception: conscious perception of body movement)

Hypothalamus - autonomic, endocrine , visual functions

36
Q

What are the characteristics of the cerebrum?

A

Contains the two hemispheres (right and left)

Cerebral Cortex: wrinkled texture, surface layer.

37
Q

What are the characteristics of the basal ganglia?

A

regulates motor performance (Parkinsons and Huntingtons)

38
Q

What are the characteristics of the hippocampus?

A

Memory storage

39
Q

What are the characteristics of the amygdaloid nuclei?

A

Coordinates autonomic and endocrine signals into emotional responses.

40
Q

Number of neurons in the brain

A

10 to the 11

41
Q

What are some examples of neurons?

A
  • a motor neurons
  • y motor neurons
  • cutaneous sensory neurons
  • pyramidal neurons
42
Q

What are the 3 main components and function of the neuron?

A
  • Cell Body (soma).. metabolic centre of neuron; where nucleus lies: DNA to start protein production
  • Dendrites: receives incoming signals from other neurons
  • Axon: conveys information to other neurons and cells dendrites and axons.
43
Q

What is the nucleus responsible for?

A

Protein synthesis

44
Q

What lies between two neurons?

A

Synaptic connection

45
Q

What is part of the trigger zone?

A

Axon Hillock and Initial Segment

46
Q

What is significant about the trigger zone?

A
  • Location of action potential initiation
47
Q
A