Motor Action and Control Part 1

Question 1

What are the two basic aspects of movement control?

Answer 1

Sensory and Motor

Question 2

What does the Final Common Pathway involve?

Answer 2

Lower motor neurons

Question 3

What is the function of sensory processing?

Answer 3

To create an internal representation of then outside world or state of the body

Question 4

What is proprioception?

Answer 4

The conscious aware of body position and movement

Question 5

What are Pain and Thermal Sensations?

Answer 5

Tissue Damaging and the Slowest Impulses

Question 6

What does motor processing begin with?

Answer 6

Internal Representation - having a particular idea of the desired movement

Question 7

What is psychophysics?

Answer 7

The relationship between the physical characteristics of a stimulus and the attributes of its perception.

Question 8

What are the four basic stimuli?

Answer 8

1. Electromagnetic Waves (light)
2. Mechanical Air Vibrations (sound)
3. Internal and External Chemicals
4. Mechanical Deformations

Question 9

What does electromagnetic waves influence?

Answer 9

Reflexes, reactions and conscious decisions

Question 10

What does mechanical air vibrations influence?

Answer 10

Head Position and Equilibrium.. sense of balance (ears)

Question 11

What do external and internal chemicals influence?

Answer 11

External - Olfaction (sense of smell)

Internal - Metabolic End products (lactic acid)

Muscle Fatigue - Force Decrease, Pain/Swelling

Question 12

What does mechanical deformations influence?

Answer 12

External - Skin Stretch or Compression

Internal - Muscle Force and Stretch Speed

Question 13

What are the four elementary attributes of sensory psychophysics?

Answer 13

1.) Modality

2.) Intensity

3.) Location

4.) Duration

Question 14

What is Motor Psychophysics?

Answer 14

Motor Response to Sensation and Perception

Question 15

What is Modality (quality)?

Answer 15

Touch (stretch, force), vision, etc.

Question 16

What is Intensity?

Answer 16

Proportional to the Type and Number of Neurons Discharged

Question 17

What is Location?

Answer 17

Body part location, depth perception (vision)

Question 18

What is Duration?

Answer 18

Sensory Accommodation; i.e, fast adapting vs slow adapting

Question 19

What are the three types of motor actions?

Answer 19

1.) Reflex Responses

2.) Rhythmic Motor Patterns

3.) Voluntary Movements

Question 20

What are reflex responses?

Answer 20

• Least affected by voluntary control
• Rapid, Stereotyped Movements
• Controlled by the eliciting stimulus

Question 21

What are the rhythmic motor patterns?

Answer 21

• Walking, Running, Chewing
• Combines features of Reflexive and Voluntary Actions.

Question 22

What is Voluntary Action?

Answer 22

Initiates action

Question 23

What is reflexive actions?

Answer 23

Maintains the initiated actions

CPGs.. central path generators.

Question 24

What is Voluntary Movements (Motor Acts)?

Answer 24

Purposeful.. goal oriented (not rhythmic)
Learned.. skill improves with practice and its practice comes less conscious direction

Question 25

What are Motor Acts continuously updated with?

Answer 25

Sensory Information, proprioception, visual and auditory