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NEUR*2000 > Somatosensory System Part 3 SN > Flashcards

Somatosensory System Part 3 SN Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Ventral Horn and Dorsal Horn referring to?

A

The grey matter (where cell bodies lie)

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2
Q

Where do large neurons lie?

A

Ventral Horn

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3
Q

Where do small neurons lie?

A

Dorsal Horn

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4
Q

In the white matter, what are dorsal columns?

A

Ascending axons only

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5
Q

In the white matter, what are lateral columns?

A

Ascending and Descending axons

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6
Q

What are descending axons?

A

Interneurons and Motor Neurons

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7
Q

In the white matter of ventral columns, what are descending responsible for?

A

Axial and postural muscles

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8
Q

In the white matter of ventral columns, what are ascending responsible for?

A

Pain and temperature

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9
Q

What are the fascicles involved in Ascending Axons?

A

Gracile and Cuneate Fasicles

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10
Q

What do sensory neurons do?

A

Get information from body surface

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11
Q

What do motor neurons do??

A

Innervate Skeletal Muscles

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12
Q

What do Sacral Levels contain?

A

Few axons, less white matter

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13
Q

What do Cervical Levels Contain?

A

Many axons, more white matter

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14
Q

Where are descending axons mostly found in?

A

Cervical Level

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15
Q

What are Larger Ventral Horns?

A

Spinal Levels that innervate arms and legs

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16
Q

What do Larger Ventral Horns have more of?

A

Motor Neurons

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17
Q

What does more motor neurons mean?

A

They have to innervate more muscle cells

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18
Q

What do larger dorsal horns reflect?

A

A greater density of sensory receptors which can send more fibres to spinal cord.

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19
Q

Where do ascending axons and somatotropin distribution start?

A

Sacral Regions

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20
Q

What happens in sacral regions?

A

Axons move into pathways more medial in dorsal columns

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21
Q

What happens in sacral to cervical regions?

A

Progressive Merging of axons medial to lateral

22
Q

What happens in Gracile Fascicle?

A
  • Medial Clustered Neurons….motor fibres from lower extremities
  • Terminates in gracile nucleus (cluster of neurons in spinal cord)
23
Q

What happens in the Cuneate Fascicle?

A
  • Lateral Clustered Neurons
  • Terminates in Cuneate Nucleus
24
Q

What is the Medial Lemniscus?

A
  • Long Fibre Bundles from Medulla Oblongata
  • Synapses onto thalamic relay nuclei (VP nucleus)
  • Arranged somatotopically
25
Q

What is the Thalamus?

A
  • Conveys sensory input to sensory axons of cerebral cortex and transmit and modulates inputs (motor information)
26
Q

What is the Thalamus made up of?

A

50 distinct nuclei

27
Q

Where do output axons travel through in the Thalamus?

A

The internal capsule

28
Q

What are the 4 major groups of the thalamus?

A

Anterior, Medial, Ventral, Posterior

29
Q

What is the Anterior Part of the Thalamus responsible for?

A
  • Major inputs from hypothalamus and hippocampus
  • involved with Memory and Emotion
  • Connection with Frontal Cortex
30
Q

What is the Medial Part of the Thalamus responsible for?

A
  • 3 Sub-Divisions
  • Connections to Frontal Cortex, Memory
  • Inputs from Basal Ganglia, amygdala
31
Q

What is the Ventral Part of the Thalamus responsible for?

A
  • Motor Control, relays information from Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum
  • Conveys to Somatosensory
32
Q

What is the Posterior Part of the Thalamus responsible for?

A
  • Auditory Nuclei, conveys to temporal lobe
  • Input from Retina, conveys to visual cortex (occipital lobe)
33
Q

What are Relay Nuclei?

A

Neuron clusters that terminate onto specific regions of cortex.

34
Q

What is the Reticular Nucleus?

A
  • The outer covering of thalamus, sheet-like neurons
35
Q

What does the thalamic relay nuclei release?

A

Glutamate (excitatory)

36
Q

What does Thalamic Nuclei (Outgoing) send?

A

Collaterals to Reticular Nucleus

37
Q

What is the function of the Reticular Nucleus?

A

Modulates activity of thalamic nuclei and monitors the thalamocorticol stream of information

38
Q

What does somatosensory information consist of?

A
  • Primary Somatosensory Cortex (S1)
  • Broadmann’s Area (3b)
  • Area of Cortex devoted to body parts, not mass
39
Q

What is the Primary Somatosensory Cortex?

A

Anterior Parietal Cortex

40
Q

What are the 4 complete maps of skin in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex?

A

3a, 3b, 1 and 2

41
Q

What does Area 2 mediate?

A

Tactile information is combined with limb position which mediates tactile recognition of objects

42
Q

How does the Primary Somatosensory Cortex project to other areas of cortex?

A
  • Motor Control
  • Eye-Hand Coordination
  • Memory Related to Touch
43
Q

What is voluntary movement?

A

Primary motor cortex that is somatotopically organized

44
Q

What does voluntary movement project through?

A

Corticospinal tracts to ventral horn of spinal cord through internal capsule (apart of the mid brain)

45
Q

What are Direct Connections in Voluntary Movement?

A

Ventral Motor Neurons that are monosynaptic

46
Q

What are Indirect Connections in Voluntary Movement?

A

Through Interneurons, coordinates large muscle groups

47
Q

How is voluntary movement modulated by?

A

Sensory Information and Other Motor Region (cerebellum, basal ganglia, pre-motor)

48
Q

What are the inputs of the cerebellum?

A

Somatosensory primary afferent and corticospinal axons

49
Q

What are Error Correcting Mechanisms?

A
  • Predictive Control of Movements
  • Outgoing Commands adjusted based on information based on information about the reflections of prior movements
50
Q

What are posture and movements in relation to the cerebellum?

A
  • Connections to brain stem nuclei
  • Direct modulation of spinal motor circuits
  • Major influence through thalamic connections

NEUR*2000 (14 decks)

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