Swine Diseases

Question 1

What are the three pathogens included in the typical vaccines used in sows?

Answer 1

• Parvovirus
• Erysipelas
• leptospirosis

Question 2

is parvovirus endemic or exotic in the US?

Answer 2

Endemic

Question 3

PARVOVIRUS

What type of animal do we usually see the infection manifest as disease?

Answer 3

Nearly all females are infected before their 2nd pregnancy

Question 4

PARVOVIRUS

how is parvovirus in swine transmitted? Can it be transmitted venereally?

Answer 4

Transmission via oronasal, transplacental and venereal routes

Question 5

PARVOVIRUS

what does SMEDI stand for?

Answer 5

Stillbirth, mummification, embryonic, death, and infertility

Question 6

what does PRRS stand for? What are the two syndromes that are seen?

Answer 6

Porcine reproductive & respiratory syndrome

Question 7

PORCINE REPRODUCTIVE & RESPIRATORY SYNDROME

what is the primary method of PRRS transmission?

Answer 7

Mainly infected pigs through contact

Question 8

PORCINE REPRODUCTIVE & RESPIRATORY SYNDROME

can it be transmitted venereally?

Answer 8

yes

Question 9

PORCINE CRICOVIRUS 2

what two syndromes does it classically cause in pigs?

Answer 9

1. Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome
2. Porcine dermatitis & nephropathy syndrome

Question 10

PORCINE CRICOVIRUS 2

how is it transmitted? Can it be transmitted venereally?

Answer 10

• Transmission by direct contact, semen, fomites, biting insects, transplacentally
• Can be transmitted venereally

Question 11

PORCINE CRICOVIRUS 2

how does PCV2 cause immunosuppression?

Answer 11

Decreased number of lymphocytes

Question 12

AFRICAN SWINE FEVER VIRUS

What kind of virus is it?

Answer 12

ASF virus
- large enveloped double-stranded DNA

Question 13

AFRICAN SWINE FEVER VIRUS

is it endemic or exotic in the US?

Answer 13

exotic

Question 14

AFRICAN SWINE FEVER VIRUS

what are its survivability characteristics?

Answer 14

• Remain for long periods in blood, feces, and tissues
• Months in contaminated pens
• Over 140 days in some pork products
• Years in frozen carcasses

Question 15

AFRICAN SWINE FEVER VIRUS

what are some of the methods the virus has been introduced in outbreaks?

Answer 15

• Uncooked/undercooked pork products fed to pigs
• Paw pork waste/garbage at airport or shipping ports
• Movement of infected wild boars

Question 16

AFRICAN SWINE FEVER VIRUS

how it is transmitted between pigs?

Answer 16

• Direct contact with infected pig
• Ingestion of contaminated pork products

Question 17

AFRICAN SWINE FEVER VIRUS

what is main mammalian and arthropod reservoirs for this pathogen?

Answer 17

Fomites:
- Clothing, vehicles, equipment
- Environmental contamination
Vectors:
- Biological: bite from soft ticks (ornithodoros)
- Mechanical: other insects (mosquitos)

Question 18

AFRICAN SWINE FEVER VIRUS

what are the primary post mortem lesions?

Answer 18

• Numerous hemorrhagic internal organs
• Signs of bloody DI
• Skin:
  o Discoloration
  o Hemorrhages

Question 19

AFRICAN SWINE FEVER VIRUS

how do we prevent transmission of ASF?

Answer 19

• Isolate infected pigs
• Prevent contact with feral or wild hogs
• Quarantine newly acquired pigs for 30 days

Question 20

what is the viral agent that causes Hog Cholera?

Answer 20

Flaviviridae family
Pestivirus genus

Question 21

CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER

is it endemic or exotic in the US?

Answer 21

endemic

Question 22

What kind of virus is “Hog Chloera”? What related virus have discussed in ruminants?

Answer 22

• Classical swine fever virus
• Related to bovine virus diarrhea (BVD)

Question 23

CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER

what are survivability characteristics?

Answer 23

Environmentally stable:
- In tissues (meat)
- Cold temperatures

Question 24

CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER

are their other animal/arthropod reservoirs for this pathogen?

Answer 24

Fomites

Question 25

CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER how is it transmitted between pigs. Can it be transmitted venereally?

Answer 25

HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS - Blood, saliva, urine, feces - Tissues of infected pigs Transmistted via: - Ingestion - Direct contact with fomites - Is not transmitted venereally (Infected pigs are the only reservoir)

Question 26

CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER what clinical signs are observed in the acute form?

Answer 26

- Fever - Depression/anorexia - Coughing - Skin hyperemia & hemorrhages - Death - CNS signs

Question 27

CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER what clinical signs are seen in the subacute form?

Answer 27

- Lethargy - Intermittent fever - Constipation/DI - Acute relapse & death (crash and burn)

Question 28

CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER how does the congenital form develop? What clinical signs are observed?

Answer 28

- 1st trimester: repeat breeding, abortion - 2nd trimester: persistently infected piglets may be born - 3rd trimester: abortion, malformation, or birth of weak or dead piglets Clinical signs: - Weak “shaker” piglets - Persistently infected - Life-long viremia - Will eventually die

Question 29

CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER how do we prevent transmission of CSF?

Answer 29

- Isolate infected animals - Quarantine newly introduced animals (minimum 30 days) - Keep health records on every animal - Clean and disinfect