Small Ruminant Flashcards
what are the two types of bloat? How do they differ in appearance and etiology.
- Primary “frothy” bloat
o Caused by entrapment of normal fermentative gases in a stable foam - Secondary bloat (free-gas bloat)
o Physical obstruction or eructation due to:
Esophageal obstruction
Postural
Interference of the rumen/reticulum
what is the medical term for Hardware Disease? Make sure you understand the anatomic relationship between the different organs affected?
“traumatic reticuloperitonitis”
- Associated from the rumen to the reticulum
HARDWARE DISEASE
what is the easiest way to prevent the disease?
- Surgical removal
- Antibiotics and a magnet to prevent a recurrence
- Euthanasia
- Avoid sites with loose metal
what kind of virus causes CAE? What sheep virus is it closely related to? What three body systems do they affect? Which syndrome is most commonly seen in young goats?
CAE= Caprine arthritis encephalitis
- Closely related to OPP (ovine progressive pneumonia)
- Cervical & lumbosacral spinal cord, brain
- Syndrome: encephalomyelitis
when are most kids infected with CAE? How can we prevent transmission?
- During the first few weeks after birth
- Permanent isolation of kids beginning at birth
- Feed heat treated colostrum’s and pasteurized milk
which type of Clostridium perfringens causes Enterotoxemia/Overeating Disease? Which one causes Yellow Lamb Disease? Which one causes Hemorrhagic Enterotoxemia?
Type D = enterotoxemia/overeating disease
Type A= yellow lamb disease
Type C= hemorrhagic enterotoxemia
what bacteria causes Big Head in sheep?
Clostridium novyi
what bacteria causes Black Disease? What organ is involved?
Clostridium novyi
- Liver
what bacteria causes Malignant Edema?
Clostridium septicum
what bacteria causes Braxy? What organ is involved?
- Clostridium speticum
- Abomasum
what bacteria causes Blackleg?
Clostridium chauvoei
what bacteria causes Redwater Disease?
Clostridium haemolyticum
what two bacteria cause contagious foot rot?
- Fusobacterium necrophorum
- Dichelobacter nodosus
what are the two most common areas for uroliths to lodge in ruminants?
- sigmoid flexure
- urethral process
what is the most important stomach worm of small ruminants? How does it kill animals?
Barber pole worm
- Sucks blood from host animal
what does the FAMACHA score tell us?
- Body condition score
- Coat condition
- Evidence scouring
- Fecal egg counts
- FECRT
why is cattle feed toxic to sheep? What are the body effects of elevated copper?
- Feed for cattle is high in copper (toxic levels for sheep)
- High copper = hepatotoxicity & destruction of red blood cells
what is the cause of pregnancy toxemia in sheep? What are three predisposing causes?
- Inadequate nutrition during late gestation
- Pregnant females with poor BCS
- Over conditioned
- Carrying more than one fetus
how do we diagnose pregnancy toxemia?
Urine ketones, serum BHB
what causes polioencephalomalacia? What are the gross lesions and clinical signs associated with it?
- Deficiency of thiamine
- Gross lesions: brain tissue may fluoresce under UV light
- Clinical signs:
o Blindness
o Head pressing
o Teeth grinding
o twitching what bacteria causes Caseous
what bacteria causes Caseous lymphadenitis? What are the gross lesions and clinical signs associated with it?
- Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
- Clinical signs:
o Weight loss
o Enlarged lymph nodes
o Abscesses
o Internal and external form
what causes contagious ecthyma? What is the disease it causes in humans called?
- Caused by parapoxvirus
- Orf (zoonotic)
