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ANSC 453: Animal Disease & their control > Canine Diseases > Flashcards

Canine Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

what diseases are addressed in the 5 in 1 canine vaccine?

A
  • Distemper
  • Hepatitis
  • Leptospira
  • Parainfluenza
  • parvovirus
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2
Q

which virus is added to the 6 in one?

A
  • DHLPP + coronavirus (mild disease, not considered “core” by many)
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3
Q

which are the core canine vaccines? What do we mean by core vaccines?

A
  • Distemper
  • Hepatitis
  • Leptospira
  • Parvovirus
    These vaccines are recommended for all puppies and dogs
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4
Q

CANINE DISTEMPER

What kind of virus causes it?

A

Paramyxovirus (related to measle virus)

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5
Q

CANINE DISTEMPER

What species of animals are affected

A
  • Systematic viral disease in dogs and other carnivores:
    o Raccoons
    o Foxes
    o Ferrets
    o Marine mammals
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6
Q

CANINE DISTEMPER

is it zoonotic?

A

no

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7
Q

CANINE DISTEMPER

Highly contagious or not?

A

highly contagious

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8
Q

CANINE DISTEMPER

Transmission: vertical, horizontal, or both?

A

both

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9
Q

CANINE DISTEMPER

Is there a carrier state?

A

Infected animals may shed the virus for month’s (carriers)

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10
Q

CANINE DISTEMPER

What signs are seen in the acute phase?

A
  • Fever, leukopenia
  • Resp signs
    o Coughing, sneezing, dyspnea
    o Nasal discharge
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11
Q

CANINE DISTEMPER

what signs are seen in the subacute phase?

A
  • Gastrointestinal signs
    o Diarrhea, vomiting
    o anorexia
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12
Q

CANINE DISTEMPER

what signs are seen in the secondary (chronic) phase?

A
  • Hyperkeratosis ( hard pad disease)
  • Enamel hypoplasia (if infected as a puppy)
  • Neurological signs:
    o Twitch/trembling, ataxia, limb weakness
    o Seizures
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13
Q

CANINE DISTEMPER

what additional lesion can be seen in puppies?

A

Enamel hypoplasia

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14
Q

CANINE DISTEMPER

Are the white blood cells increased or decreased?

A

Decreased white blood cells

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15
Q

CANINE DISTEMPER

is there specific treatment for this disease? If so, what?

A
  • Supportive care:
    o Antibiotics, fluid, nutrition, analgesics, antipyretics
    o Anticonvulsants
  • Immunization with a modified-live vaccine
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16
Q

CANINE DISTEMPER

how do we prevent this disease?

A

Environmental control

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17
Q

CANINE DISTEMPER

is the virus easy to kill or difficult to kill with disinfectants?

A

no

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18
Q

CANINE LEPTOSPIRA

What is the name of the bacteria?

A

Leptospira interrogans

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19
Q

CANINE LEPTOSPIRA

What type of bacteria is it?

A

spirochete

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20
Q

CANINE LEPTOSPIRA

What is the species range?

A

Affects all domestic animals, wildlife

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21
Q

CANINE LEPTOSPIRA

is it zoonotic?

A

yes

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22
Q

CANINE LEPTOSPIRA

what serovars are most commonly seen in dogs?

A

Canicola

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23
Q

CANINE LEPTOSPIRA

what is the maintenance host for the canicola serovar?

A

Dogs are the “maintenance host”

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24
Q

CANINE LEPTOSPIRA

in dogs, is transmission usually vertical, horizontal, or both?

A

both

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25
Q

CANINE LEPTOSPIRA

is there a carrier state? Where does the bacteria like to persist?

A
  • Rodents, raccoons, opossums are main carriers
  • In Hawaii, feral pigs are often carriers
  • They like to survive will in surface waters
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26
Q

CANINE LEPTOSPIRA

what two body systems are typically affected?

A

kidney & liver

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27
Q

CANINE LEPTOSPIRA

is there specific treatment for this disease? If so, what?

A
  • Symptomatic and supportive
  • Antibiotics
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28
Q

CANINE LEPTOSPIRA

how do we prevent this disease?

A
  • Commercial vaccines
  • Reduce exposure
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29
Q

CANINE PARVOVIRUS

what kind of virus causes it?

A

Non-enveloped DNA virus

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30
Q

CANINE PARVOVIRUS

what species of animals are affected?

A

canine

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31
Q

CANINE PARVOVIRUS

what breeds of dogs are especially at risk?

A

Rottweilers, pit bulls, Dobermans, german shepherds

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32
Q

CANINE PARVOVIRUS

is it zoonotic?

A

no

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33
Q

CANINE PARVOVIRUS

Transmission: vertical, horizontal, or both?

A

both

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34
Q

CANINE PARVOVIRUS

what is the basic pathogenesis of this disease?

A
  • Virus attacks rapidly dividing cells
  • Decreased number of lymphocytes and neutrophils
35
Q

CANINE PARVOVIRUS

what are the typical clinical signs?

A
  • Bloody diarrhea
  • Vomiting
  • Anorexia
  • Fever
  • Neutropenia & lymphopenia
36
Q

CANINE PARVOVIRUS

are the white blood cells increased or decreased?

A

decreased

37
Q

CANINE PARVOVIRUS

is there a specific test for this disease? If so, what?

A

Fecal viral antigen testing or PCR

38
Q

CANINE PARVOVIRUS

is there a specific treatment for this disease? If so, what?

A
  • Fluids, anti-emetics
  • Antibiotics
  • Tube feeding
39
Q

CANINE PARVOVIRUS

how do we prevent this disease?

A
  • Vaccination with modified-live vaccine
  • Decontaminate/ sanitation
    o bleach
40
Q

CANINE PARVOVIRUS

is the virus easy to kill or difficult to kill with disinfectants?

A

Hard to kill with disinfectants

41
Q

CANINE HYPERADRENOCORTICISM

what is this disease also known as?

A

cushing’s disease

42
Q

CANINE HYPERADRENOCORTICISM

what hormone is elevated?

A

cortisol

43
Q

CANINE HYPERADRENOCORTICISM

what are the three sources of that hormone?

A
  1. Functional tumor of pituitary
  2. Functional tumor of the adrenal gland
  3. Excessive steroid medication
44
Q

CANINE HYPERADRENOCORTICISM

which organ secretes cortisol? ACTH? CRH?

A

ACTH

45
Q

CANINE HYPERADRENOCORTICISM

what are the primary clinical signs? Know the definitions of the three Ps.

A
  • Middle aged to old dogs
  • 3P(s):
    o Polyuria: urinates too much
    o Polydipsia: drinks too much
    o Polyphagia: eats too much
  • Heptamegaly: big liver
46
Q

CANINE HYPERADRENOCORTICISM

what is calcinosis cutis?

A

The deposition of insoluble calcium salts in the skin and subcutaneous tissue

47
Q

CANINE HYPERADRENOCORTICISM

what is the pattern of hair loss?

A
  • Thin skin
  • Hyperpigmentation
  • Cutaneous mineralization
48
Q

CANINE HYPERADRENOCORTICISM

which liver enzymes are increased? Which is the one that is dramatically increased?

A
  • Liver enzyme increased = ALP* & ALT
49
Q

CANINE HYPERADRENOCORTICISM

what white blood cell is increased?

A

Neutrophils and monocytes

50
Q

CANINE HYPERADRENOCORTICISM

urine test is the screening test?

A

Urine cortisol: creatine ratio

51
Q

CANINE HYPERADRENOCORTICISM

which blood test can distinguish between natural disease and iatrogenic disease?

A

ACTH stimulation test

52
Q

CANINE HYPERADRENOCORTICISM

is the ACTH stimulation test a screening or differentiating test?

A

screening test

53
Q

CANINE HYPERADRENOCORTICISM

is the low dose dexamethasone test a screening or differentiating test?

A

screening test

54
Q

CANINE HYPERADRENOCORTICISM

is the high dose dexamethasone test a screening or differentiating test?

A

differentiating test

55
Q

CANINE HYPERADRENOCORTICISM

is there specific treatment for this disease? If so, what?

A
  • Pituitary-dependent:
    o Radiation
  • Adrenal-dependent:
    o Surgical removal
56
Q

CANINE HYPOTHYROIDISM

is their metabolic rate increased or decreased?

A

decreased

57
Q

CANINE HYPOTHYROIDISM

what are the three general causes? Which is the primary cause in dogs?

A
  1. Thyroid destruction (primary)
  2. Pituitary problem
  3. Iatrogenic causes also possible
58
Q

CANINE HYPOTHYROIDISM

what is the pattern of hair loss?

A
  • Dry skin, shedding, retarded, hair regrowth
  • Non-itchy bilaterally symmetric
  • Skin thickening in severe cases
59
Q

CANINE HYPOTHYROIDISM

what lab value is diagnostic?

A

total T4 concentration

60
Q

CANINE HYPOTHYROIDISM

is there specific treatment for this disease? If so, what?

A

Thyroxine as a supplement (necessary for life)

61
Q

CANINE LYMPHOMA

What are the 4 main forms seen in dogs

A
  1. Multicentric
  2. Mediastinal
  3. Extranodal
  4. Alimentary
62
Q

CANINE LYMPHOMA

what is the origin of the neoplastic cell?

A

T or B cells

63
Q

CANINE “BLOAT”

what is the medical term used for this condition?

A

Gastric dilation/volvulus GDV

64
Q

CANINE “BLOAT”

is this an emergency condition or not?

A

emergency

65
Q

CANINE “BLOAT”

what is the pathogenesis?

A
  • Stomach distends with gas or fluids
  • Stomach rotates 90-360, clockwise
66
Q

CANINE “BLOAT”

what are the clinical findings?

A
  • Agitation, discomfort, abdominal pain
  • Repeated retching, unsuccessful vomiting
  • Excessive salivation
  • Abdominal distension
  • Hypovolemic shock
67
Q

CANINE “BLOAT”

what is the treatment?

A
  • Fluid therapy
  • Decompress the stomach
  • Surgery
68
Q

CANINE “BLOAT”

how can we prevent this disease?

A
  • Prophylactic gastropexy in susceptible animals
  • Feed small meals
  • Avoid exercise after meals
69
Q

HIP DYSPLASIA

how do we treat this condition in small breed dogs?

A

Femoral head ostectomy (FHO)

70
Q

HIP DYSPLASIA

how do we treat this condition in large breed dogs?

A

Triple pelvic ostectomy (TPO)

71
Q

HIP DYSPLASIA

what are some nonsurgical ways to manage this disease?

A
  • Weight loss
  • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
  • Glucosamine/chondroitin
72
Q

HIP DYSPLASIA

how do we diagnose this disease?

A
  • Clinical signs/orthopedic examinations
  • Radiographs
    o OFA
73
Q

CANINE PYOMETRA

what is it?

A

Hormonally mediated disorder of the uterus

74
Q

CANINE PYOMETRA

when does it occur?

A
  • Primarily in older bitches
  • Occurs 4-6 weeks after heat
75
Q

CANINE PYOMETRA

what is the pathogenesis?

A

During the period immediately after “heat” there are high levels of progesterone circulating in the blood. Progesterone promotes endometrial growth and glandular secretion. Also inhibit WBC response to bacterial infection.

76
Q

CANINE PYOMETRA

What are they clinical findings? What is the cause of the polydipsia? How do open pyometras differ in their presentation from closed pyometras? What do we mean by open vs. closed?

A

Clinical findings:
- Lethargy
- Anorexia
- Drinking more water
- Urinating more
- Vomiting
- Foul-smelling, blood vaginal discharge
- Abdominal distension

Polydipsia: not drinking enough water

how do you open pyometra vs closed?
- Open pyometra occurs when the cervix is open and therefore the pus is able to drain from the uterus
- Closed pyometra occurs when the cervix is closed and is more life threatening

77
Q

CANINE PYOMETRA

what are the two main ways to treat pyometras?

A
  1. Ovariohysterectomy
  2. Supportive care
78
Q

CANINE PANCREATITIS

what are the causes? No need to memorize the different infectious and toxic causes.

A

Necrosis and inflammation of the pancreas

79
Q

CANINE PANCREATITIS

what is the pathogenesis?

A
  • Dietary indiscretion
  • Blunt trauma
  • Secretion of pancreatic juice decreases during the stages of the pancreas. Followed by the activation of trypsinogen in the pancreas and triggers more trypsinogen and pancreatic enzymes. Leading to local damages of the pancreas
80
Q

CANINE PANCREATITIS

what are the clinical signs in dogs?

A
  • Anorexia
  • Vomiting
  • Weakness
  • Abdominal pain
  • Dehydration
  • Diarrhea
81
Q

CANINE PANCREATITIS

what enzymes are elevated in the serum?

A

Amylase and lipase (enzymes in the pancreas)

82
Q

CANINE PANCREATITIS

which specific enzyme test has good positive predictive value?

A

Pancreas-specific lipase immunoreactivity

83
Q

CANINE PANCREATITIS

what are three other types of tests used to help with the diagnosis?

A
  1. Abdominal radiographs
  2. Ultrasound
  3. Biopsy/histology
84
Q

CANINE PANCREATITIS

what kind of diet helps prevent this disease in dogs?

A

Feeding ultra-low fat diet

ANSC 453: Animal Disease & their control (16 decks)

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