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ANSC 453: Animal Disease & their control > Parasites > Flashcards

Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

difference between ectoparasites and endoparasites

A

Ectoparasites: live on outside of the host

Endoparasites: live within the host

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2
Q

Accidental parasite

A

when a parasite enters or attaches to the body of a species of host different from its normal one.

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3
Q

Definitive host

A

host in which parasite reaches sexual maturity and reproduces

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4
Q

Intermediate host

A

host in which some development occurs

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5
Q

Paratenic host

A

no parasite development

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6
Q

Obligate parasite

A

no free-living stage

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7
Q

Facultative parasite

A

free-living organism that can become parasitic in certain hosts

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8
Q

difference between a direct and indirect parasitic life cycle

A

Direct parasitic life cycle: parasite is transmitted directly from one host to another without an intermediate host or vector of different species

Indirect parasitic life cycle: requires intermediate host(s) for different stages of their life cycle

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9
Q

what is the common name for cestodes?

A

Tapeworms

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10
Q

what is the common name for trematodes?

A

flukes

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11
Q

In the basic nematode life cycle, where does the parasitic phase take place?

A

Takes place inside the definitive host

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12
Q

In the basic nematode life cycle, where does the pre-parasitic phase take place?

A

Either a free-living phase (environment) or inside a second host (intermediate host)

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13
Q

In what organ of the pig do Ascaris suum adults live? In what two organs do the larva migrate to? Know the clinical signs seen.

A
  • Adults are found in the small intestine
  • The larva migrate from the liver to the lungs

Clinical signs:
- Liver milk spots
- Weight loss
- “thumps” (abdominal breathing)

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14
Q

what is the intermediate host(s) for Ascaris suum?

A

Worms (large-round) or fecal

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15
Q

What does the “prepatent” period mean? How does this affect our ability to diagnose parasitism?

A
  • period between infection and the first ability to detect the parasite in the body (often production of eggs by a female)

-Though fecal flotation and identification of eggs

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16
Q

What is the name of the parasite associated with heartworm disease of dogs and cats? What is the intermediate host?

A
  • Dirofliria immitis
  • Intermediate host is the mosquito
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17
Q

What is a microfilaria?

A

free-swimming embryonic stage found in the blood

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18
Q

where to adult heartworms live?

A

heart

19
Q

is the disease more serious in cats or in dogs?

A

cats = death

20
Q

how do we diagnose heartworm in cats?

A
  • Antigen tests (female worms)
  • Antibody tests
  • Microfilariae
  • Cardiac ultrasound
  • radiographs
21
Q

what are two limitations of the heartworm antibody test?

A
  • Cannot distinguish between active and past infections
  • Cannot detect recent infections
22
Q

What are three reasons why the antigen test for heartworms may fail in an infected animal?

A
  1. Few worms present
  2. Immature females
  3. Male-only infections
23
Q

What bacteria is associated with heartworm infection?

A

Wolbachia

24
Q

How do we prevent heartworm disease in dogs and cats?

A
  • Must control exposure of mosquitos
  • Annual testing (year-round)
  • Ivermectin, moxidectin, selamectin
25
Q

What is the intermediate host for Fasciola hepatica? What is the definitive host?

A
  • Intermediate host: lymnaeid snail
  • Definitive host: ruminant
26
Q

What is a miracidium? Where is it found?

A
  • ciliated larva
  • watery source
27
Q

What is a metacercaria? Where is it found

A
  • The fluke has no tail and is a round nub
  • Found on the grass
28
Q

what bacteria is associated with Fasciola hepatica infection?

A

clostridium novyi

29
Q

How do we diagnose Fasciola hepatica in the feces?

A
  • Sedimentation
  • Large, pigmented, operculated eggs
  • Increased serum GGT
  • ELISA
30
Q

What is acariasis?

A

Mites

31
Q

What is pediculosis?

A

Lice

32
Q

What is myiasis?

A

Fly larvae, maggots

33
Q

What is the cat flea?

A

Ctenocephalides felis

34
Q

What are the two main families of ticks?

A
  1. Soft ticks (Argasidae)
  2. Hard ticks (Ixodidae)
35
Q

What is the brown dog tick? How many hosts does it have?

A
  • Rhipicephalus
  • 1 host
36
Q

What is the Lone Star Tick? How many hosts does it have?

A
  • Amblyomma
  • 3 host
37
Q

What bacteria causes Lyme disease? What type of bacteria is it?

A

Spirochete bacteria: Borrelia burgdorferi

38
Q

what ticks are responsible for transmission of Lyme disease?

A

Blacklegged ticks

39
Q

Besides limb/joint disease, what is the other common presentation of Lyme Disease in dogs?

A
  • Fever, anorexia, lethargy, lymphadenopathy
  • 2nd most common presentation in dogs is renal failure
40
Q

is there a vaccine for Lyme Disease?

A

NO

41
Q

what is pruritis?

A
  • uncomfortable, irritating sensation to urge to scratch
  • Hair loss, inflammation of skin
42
Q

what is the most common way to diagnose mange?

A

deep skin scraping

43
Q

is Sarcoptes scabei zoonotic?

A

yes

44
Q

are lice likely to be zoonotic?

A

no

ANSC 453: Animal Disease & their control (16 decks)

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