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ANSC 453: Animal Disease & their control > Equine diseases > Flashcards

Equine diseases Flashcards

1
Q

list 3 causes of colic.

A
  • Hay of poorer quality
  • Deworming
  • Horses with the previous history of colic are at a greater risk
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2
Q

with colic, is fecal production increased or decreased?

A

decreased fecal production

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3
Q

what type of drugs predispose horses to developing them?

A

NSAIDS

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4
Q

what is the name of the primary roundworm in young horses?

A

Parascarus equorum

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5
Q

what severe consequence can roundworm infestation cause in young horses?

A
  • Can cause obstructions or ruptures in the intestines
  • Respiratory signs
  • Intestinal blockage
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6
Q

what feeding practice predisposes horses to developing sand colic?

A
  • Fed on the ground
  • Ingest excessive amount of sand
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7
Q

how to we treat sand colic?

A

Treat with Metamucil-like products

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8
Q

what is an enterolith?

A
  • Intestinal “stones”
  • Magnesium ammonium phosphate concretions around a “nidus”
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9
Q

what breed of horses are predisposed to developing enteroliths? Do we see this in older or younger horses?

A
  • Common in Arabians
  • Seen in older horses (>10 yrs old)
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10
Q

what type of hay predisposes horses to developing enteroliths?

A

alfalfa hay

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11
Q

Why are horses predisposed as a species to gastric rupture?

A
  • Associated with overconsumption of carbohydrates
  • Horses cannot regurgitate or vomit
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12
Q

what is the purpose of abdominocentesis?

A

Examine abdominal fluid microscopically

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13
Q

what imaging modality is most useful in diagnosing the cause of colic?

A

abdominal ultrasound

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14
Q

why do we pass stomach tubes in horses?

A
  • Horses cannot regurgitate or vomit
  • This procedure can relieve gas or fluid buildup and prevent rupture
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15
Q

is exploratory surgery diagnostic, therapeutic, or both?

A

Both diagnostic and therapeutic

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16
Q

what is endotoxin?

A

The main component that is a part of gram-negative bacteria cell wall

17
Q

Regarding RAO/COPD: What do those acronyms stand for? Is it an allergic or infectious disease? Does it affect large or small airways of the lung? How are affected animals commonly housed? What causes the heave line that can sometimes be seen? Is expiration or inspiration prolonged? What are two types of drugs that can be used to treat it?

A

RAO: (recurrent airway obstruction)

COPD: (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)

  • Allergic disease
  • Small airways of the lungs
  • Animals that are stabled, bedded on straw, fed hay
  • Tachypnea, coughing while feeding or exercise, crackles and wheezing maybe noted
  • Prolonged expiration
    1. Bronchodilators
    2. Corticosteroids
18
Q

what is laminitis? Be able to explain the pathogenesis and the anatomy underlying the disease.

A
  • Inflammation of the laminae
  • Caused by an ischemia of the lamellar arterioles and venules due to swelling of tissue and increased pressure build up. Leads to a stagnation of blood and thromboembolism of the capillary beds of the hoof. This tissue connects the hoof wall to the bone.
19
Q

what is the predisposing conditions of laminitis?

A
  • ingestion of excess carbohydrates, lush pastures, excess exercise, and exercise in an unfit horse
  • Overweight animals are at higher risk
20
Q

clinical signs seen with acute laminitis

A
  • Depression and anorexia
  • Hoof will feel hot
  • Increased TPR
  • Altered gait and stance to relieve pain, exercise resistance
21
Q

how can we treat laminitis?

A
  • Cold packs to affected hoof, and hot packs if early in the disease
  • NSAIDS for pain
  • Correctly fitted heart bar shoes
22
Q

what is the other name of the navicular disease?

A

Horse musculoskeletal disease

23
Q

what is the typical signalment for navicular disease?

A

Degenerative dz of navicular bone and tissues surrounding it

24
Q

what are the clinical signs seen with navicular disease?

A

Stand with feet more under the body to stand with weight forward on feet; will also stand with bedding under heels

25
Q

what is the most common skin tumor in a horse? Does it metastasize? What virus causes it?

A
  • Sarcoid
  • Non-metastasize
  • Bovine papilloma virus

ANSC 453: Animal Disease & their control (16 decks)

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