Feline Diseases Flashcards by Kuuleionalani Patterson

Q

what diseases are addressed in the 3 in 1 feline vaccine?

A

FVRCP
- Feline viral rhinotracheitis
- Calicivirus
- panleukopenia

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Q

which virus is added to the 4 in one?

A

FVRCP + C
- Chlamydophila

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Q

which are the core feline vaccines?

A

FVRCP

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Q

feline Respiratory Disease Complex

Feline herpesvirus
i. What general clinical signs are seen? What ocular lesion is seen specifically with this infection?

A

Fever, sneezing, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, salivation
Ocular lesion -> corneal inflammation/ ulcers

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Q

feline Respiratory Disease Complex

Feline herpesvirus
ii. Is there a carrier state?

A

Cats can become carriers (latently infected) and disease can be recrudesced (emerge) after stress

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Q

feline Respiratory Disease Complex

Feline calicivirus
i. What is the characteristic lesion discerning this viral infection from other ones that cause similar disease?

A

Fever, poor appetite, depression, rhinitis, conjunctivitis
Cause mouth sores, pulmonary edema, pneumonia, and eyes!

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Q

feline Respiratory Disease Complex

feline calicivirus
ii. What other syndrome can be seen (non-respiratory)?

A

Some strains can cause limping (alternating legs)

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Q

feline Respiratory Disease Complex

which bacteria are involved in FRDC?

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica

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Q

Feline Panleukopenia Virus

what kind of virus is it caused by?

A

parvovirus

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Q

Feline Panleukopenia Virus

what is the basic pathogenesis of this disease?

A

Infected via oronasal exposures to feces, secretions, or contaminated fomites

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Q

Feline Panleukopenia Virus

are the white blood cells increased or decreased?

A

decreased

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Q

Feline Panleukopenia Virus

what lesion of the central nervous system is seen?

A

Cerebellar hypoplasia

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Q

Feline Panleukopenia Virus

is there specific treatment for this disease? If so, what?

A

no

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Q

Feline Panleukopenia Virus

how do we prevent this disease?

A

Vaccines (not in pregnant or sick cats)
- Last vaccine is given when the cat is 16 weeks old
- Booster 1-3 years

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Q

Feline Panleukopenia Virus

is the virus easy to kill or difficult to kill with disinfectants?

A

Resistant to activation (bleach or rescue)

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Q

Feline Leukemia virus

what kind of virus is it?

A

retrovirus

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Q

Feline Leukemia virus

is transmission usually vertical, horizontal, or both?

A

both

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Q

Feline Leukemia virus

How does this virus cause neoplasia?

A

Virus can insert itself into the cat’s cellular genome near an “oncogene”, and can induce neoplasia

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Q

Feline Leukemia virus

Can cats clear this virus? If so, how?

A

If the cat produces enough neutralizing antibodies, the virus can be eliminated (70%)

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Q

Feline Leukemia virus

what clinical signs are usually seen?

A

Anemia
Lymphoma
Leukemia
Reproductive problems
immunosuppression

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Q

Feline Leukemia virus

is the common diagnostic test detecting antigen or antibody?

A

antigen

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Q

Feline Leukemia virus

is there a carrier state?

A

Transmitted by persistently infected healthy cats

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Q

Feline Leukemia virus

how do we prevent this disease?

A

Test kittens on first visit
Test new cats entering uninfected household
Test prior to the FeLV vaccination

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Q

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus

what kind of virus causes it?

A

Lentivirus

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Feline Immunodeficiency Virus is transmission usually vertical, horizontal, or both?

both

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus is it efficiently spread by casual contact?

Biting is the most common way of transmission, also during parturition

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus what white blood cell does it replicate in?

Replicates T-lymphocytes

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Why disease syndrome does it cause?

Feline AIDS

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus is the common diagnostic test detecting antigen or antibody?

antibody

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus what test is used to confirm infection?

western blot

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus is the current vaccine DIVA? Is it recommended?

Not DIVA, and not recommended

Feline Infectious Peritonitis what is it caused by?

Mutated form of feline coronavirus

Feline Infectious Peritonitis what are the two clinical forms seen? Know the role the immune response plays in the clinical outcome?

1. Wet form (effusive form): strong humoral response but weak cell-mediated immunity 2. Dry form (non-effusive form): partial cell-mediated response and a humoral response

Feline hyperthyroidism what is the underlying pathology? (I.e. what organ and what lesion)

- Excessive secretion of thyroid hormone - Thyroid hyperplasia common cause

Feline hyperthyroidism what are the common clinical signs?

- Weight loss - Increased appetite - Hyperexcitability - polydipsia

Feline hyperthyroidism what can we see with thoracic radiographs?

Enlarged thyroid gland

Feline hyperthyroidism What is the laboratory test we use to diagnose?

Measuring T4

Feline hyperthyroidism what are the three methods of treatment?

1. radioiodine therapy 2. thyroidectomy 3. antithyroid drugs

Feline Diabetes Mellitus what are the two causes of this disorder?

1. Insulin insufficiency 2. Insulin resistance

Feline Diabetes Mellitus what are the common clinical signs? What posture is associated with this disease?

Clinical signs: - Polyuria - Polydipsia - Polyphagia - Weight loss - Plantigrade posture

Feline Diabetes Mellitus what do we use to detect a persistent hyperglycemic state?

Serum glycosylated hemoglobin or fructosamine

Feline Diabetes Mellitus Know that cats will have elevated blood sugar and urine sugar (what do we call that?)

Glucosuria

Feline Diabetes Mellitus what is the goal of treatment?

Eliminate clinical signs (to get perfect control of blood sugar)

Hepatic Lipidosis do fat or skinny cats get it?

obese cats

Hepatic Lipidosis what are the common clinical signs?

- Dramatic weight loss - Vomiting - Diarrhea - Lethargy

Hepatic Lipidosis is the liver big or small?

big liver

Hepatic Lipidosis what are the liver enzymes again? (from first midterm)

- ALT - ALP - AST

Hepatic Lipidosis how do we treat this?

- Fluid therapy - Appetite stimulants, force feeding tube

Hepatic Lipidosis How can we prevent this disease?

- Monitoring the cat’s weight - weight loss for an obese cat

Linear Foreign Body what are two places that the FB frequently gets stuck??

Base of tongue and stomach

Linear Foreign Body what are the common clinical signs?

- Abdominal pain - Vomiting - Anorexia - Diarrhea - Visible foreign body (mouth/tongue or anus)

Linear Foreign Body if the cat doesn’t pass it on its own, what is the treatment?

- Supportive care - Surgical exploration

Squamous cell carcinoma is it benign or malignant?

malignant

Squamous cell carcinoma what is the predisposing cause?

Prolonged exposure to sunlight

Squamous cell carcinoma what are common sites where it occurs?

Ears, eyelids, nose, lips

Squamous cell carcinoma what is the treatment of choice?

Surgical excision

Chronic renal disease Reversible or irreversible?

irreversible

Chronic renal disease give at least two causes?

1. Polycystic kidney disease 2. Amyloidosis

Chronic renal disease two hormones that the kidney makes.

1. Renin 2. Erythropoietin

Chronic renal disease common clinical signs:

- Increased drinking - Increased urination - Decreased appetite - Vomiting - Hypertension - Anemia - Oral ulcers

Chronic renal disease How much of the kidney function does the cat need to lose before you see clinical signs?

Lose >75%

Chronic renal disease what three abnormalities are seen in blood chemistry that are used to diagnose this disease?

1. High BUN 2. Creatinine 3. Phosphorus

Chronic renal disease should we feed these cats high or low protein diets? High or low phosphate?

Low protein and phosphorus diet

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy what breed of cats?

Maine coons & ragdolls

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy is a. heart big or small?

big

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy is left ventricular chamber big or small?

small

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy what is the cause of hindlimb paresis in these cats?

- Weak pulses - Pain - Cyanotic nail beds

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy what do we use streptokinase or tissue plasminogen activator for?

To prevent thrombi formation