Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANSC 453: Animal Disease & their control > Diagnostic tests > Flashcards

Diagnostic tests Flashcards

1
Q

what is SOAP?

A

S – subjective
O- objective
A – assessment
P - plan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the key elements that make up “signalment”

A

characteristics of the animal/group of animals

  • Species
  • Breed
  • Color
  • Distinctive markings
  • Age
  • Sex/reproductive status
  • Use/production status
  • Animal identification
  • Herd information
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the TPR for average-sized adult dogs and cats?

A

101.0 - 102.5 F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does the fundic exam allow us to visualize?

A

Visualization of the cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does tonometry measure?

A

Measures intraocular pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the Schirmer tear test measure?

A

Quantifies tear production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the fluorescein stain help detect?

A

for corneal ulcers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Palpable organs in cats & dogs

A
  • Intestines
  • Colon
  • Bladder
  • Kidneys
  • Spleen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nonpalpable organs in cats & dogs

A
  • Liver
  • Pancreas
  • Stomach
  • Adrenal glands
  • Uterus
  • Ovaries
  • Lymph nodes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why do we auscult the abdomen of large animals?

A

To listen to abnormal gut sounds, increased gut sounds, or lack of gut sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the the pros and cons of using diagnostic tests?

A

Pros:
- Aids in diagnosing a problem

Cons:
- Does not replace a thorough history and physical exam
- Tests are expensive
- Some tests can be invasive or dangerous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what parameters are measured on a CBC

A
  • PCV (packed cell volume)/ hematocrit
  • Red blood cell count (RBC)
  • Number of white blood cells (WBC)
  • Hemoglobin
  • Number of platelets
  • Blood film examination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what electrolytes can be measured and know their ionic “charge” (look this up, if you don’t know it).

A

Serum chemistry helps measure electrolytes

  • Glucose (1) & calcium (+2)
  • Proteins
  • Electrolytes
  • Kidney tests
  • Liver tests
  • Muscle enzymes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what proteins can be measured?

A

total protein, albumin, immunoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what liver enzymes that can be measured

A
  • Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
  • Alanine transferase (ALT)
  • Aspartate transferase (AST)
  • Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)
  • Bilirubin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the parameters that can be measured on a urine dipstick

A
  • Blood
  • White blood cells
  • Protein
  • pH
  • ketones
  • bilirubin
17
Q

What can urine sediment detect?

A

crystallization in the urine

18
Q

what are the 4 main types of imaging that is used in veterinary medicine. Know when we might prefer to use one over another?

A
  1. Radiographs (“x-rays”)
    a. Bony tissue
    b. Soft tissue
    c. Without or with contrast
  2. Ultrasound
    a. Soft tissue
  3. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
    a. Soft tissue
  4. CT (computed tomography)
    a. Bony tissue
    b. Soft tissue
19
Q

What does an ECG measure?

A

Electrocardiogram: measure electrical activity in the heart

20
Q

What’s the difference between fecal flotation and fecal sedimentation?

A

Fecal flotation:
* Salt or sugar solutions to “float” the parasites
* Parasites and parasite ova

Fecal sedimentation:
* For ova or other things that are too large to float
* Typically fluke eggs, larvae

21
Q

What three things are commonly measure in serologic tests? What 4 types of fluids can be used?

A

3 types of commonly serologic tests measure:
1. Antigen
2. Antibodies
3. Hormones

4 types of fluids:
1. Fecal
2. Saliva
3. Whole blood
4. urine

22
Q

what are the principles behind the direct and indirect immunofluorescent/immunoenzymatic tests?

A

Indirect immunofluorescent: a 2-step serological technique for the detection of circulating antibodies in body fluids, using 2 antibodies

Direct immunofluorescent: uses a single antibody directed against the target of interest

Indirect immunoenzymatic: intracellular detection of antibodies

Direct immunoenzymatic: require primary antigens to detect the antibodies

23
Q

What is reverse-transcriptase PCR used to detect?

A

Nucleic acid from the SARS- coV-2 in upper respiratory specimens

24
Q

what are the typical steps of PCR?

A
  • Sampling
  • DNA/RNA extraction
  • Amplification
  • Interpreting results
25
Q

what are the components of PCR?

A
  • Master mix
  • Primers
  • Molecular grade water
  • Extracted nucleic acid (RNA, DNA) from the sample
26
Q

describe a visualization method of PCR

A

Gel electrophoresis: used to separate mixtures of DNA, RNA, and proteins according to molecular size

27
Q

difference between sensitivity and specificity?

A

Sensitivity: ability of the test to diagnose a true positive

Specificity: ability of the test to diagnose a true negative

28
Q

Define true positive, true negative, false positive, and false negative

A

True positive: correctly identified and confirmed for a sickness

True negative: correctly identified for someone to not have any remanence of sickness

False positive: outcome where the test incorrectly predicts the positive class

False negative: outcome where the test incorrectly predicts the negative class

29
Q

Be able to draw the sensitivity and specificity 2x2 square and use the equations to solve for sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests

A

Test values Diseased Non-diseased
Positive True positive False positive
Negative False negative True negative

ANSC 453: Animal Disease & their control (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions