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NAVEL Study Q's > Swine > Flashcards

Swine Flashcards

1
Q

Which organism is associated with spirochaetal colitis in swine?

A

Brachyspira pilosicoli

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2
Q

What is Stephanurus dentatus?

A

Kidney worm of pigs, they are often in or near kidneys, in ureters or perirenal fat. They cause posterior ataxia and paralysis due ti larvae migrating along spinal cord. DX is made with US finding ova in urine or necropsy.

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3
Q

What is malignant hyperthermia?

A

Rare induction of hyper metabolic reaction in skeletal muscle of susceptible individuals by halothane. CS - muscle rigidity, increased body temperature, increased oxygen consumption and production of CO2. Halothane is used as the anesthetic agent.

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4
Q

What are the clinical signs of swine influenza in pigs?

A

CS - high fever, prostration, coughing, anorexia, conjunctivitis, oculonasal discharge. Causes respiratory illness in most pigs in the herd. Recovery takes about 1-2 weeks.

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5
Q

What are the morbidity and mortality rates of swine influenza in pigs?

A

Low mortality and high morbidity

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6
Q

What is the primary host for psuedorabies?

A

Pigs

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7
Q

What is transmissible gastroenteritis?

A

Viral disease of the SI causing vomiting and watery diarrhea. No other disease in pigs spreads so rapidly and such high mortality in piglets, mortality is 100% in piglets <2 week old, seldom die if <1 month old. No TX

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8
Q

What causes acute ileitis and what are the CS?

A

Caused by Lawsonia intracellularis
CS - diarrhea, extremely thickened small intestines, and wasting pigs (decreased weight)
-disease becomes apparent when pigs are >12 weeks of age

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9
Q

When is the lawsonia intracellularis vaccine for acute ileitis usually administered?

A

Usually administered during mid-late nursing stage (6-8 weeks)

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10
Q

How does Ascaris suum cause respiratory problems in pigs?

A

Ascaris suum is a round worm of pigs where its larvae travel through the liver and into the lungs causing verminous pneumonia which is usually not responsive to antibiotics

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11
Q

What is a risk factor for roundworm infestations in pigs?

A

Raising pigs outside

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12
Q

Where is sarcoptes scabiei commonly found in pigs?

A

In the ear canal or behind the ears

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13
Q

What kind of hernias are common in pigs? Which is more common in females and males?

A

Umbilical hernias and inguinal hernias are the most common in pigs. Inguinal hernias occur more commonly in males than females. They can be unilateral or bilateral and occur more commonly on the left side. Umbilical hernias occur in both sexes but slightly more common in females.

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14
Q

What affect does ascaris suum have on the liver in pigs?

A

The larvae of roundworms migrate through the liver causing “white spots” called milk spots as a result of fibrosis and hemorrhage

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15
Q

What is Strongyloides ransomi in pigs?

A

Threadworm of pigs. Reside in the small intestine of suckling piglets. They are most commonly transmitted transcolostrally. Heavy infections can cause diarrhea, anemia, emaciation, and death.

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16
Q

How do you diagnose strongyloides ransomi and how do you treat it?

A

Diagnosis: fecal flotation, intestinal mucosal scraping, or necropsy
Tx: Benzimidazoles and ivermectin

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17
Q

How long does it take antibodies to be detected after exposure?

A

10-14 days

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18
Q

What antibiotics is Erysipelas susceptible to?

A

Penicillins and tetracyclines

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19
Q

What are the morbidity and mortality rates of swine influenza in a herd of pigs?

A

High morbidity and low mortality

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20
Q

What are clinical signs of swine influenza?

A

High fever, prostration, coughing, anorexia, conjunctivitis, oculonasal discharge. Recovery takes 1-2 weeks.

21
Q

What does swine influenza pneumonia look like?

A

Necrotizing bronchiolitis, fibrinous exudate in the bronchi, cranioventral to patchy, diffuse pneumonia with moderate interlobular edema

22
Q

What is Trichinella spiralis in pigs?

A

Worm that infects most commonly infects mammals. Pigs commonly get ingested due to ingestion of rodents, raw garbage, or cannibalism of meat infected with cysts.

23
Q

Why is swine influenza a major zoonotic problem?

A

It can mutate in pigs and waterfowl

24
Q

What virus causes TGE (transmissible gastroenteritis)?

A

Coronavirus

25
Q

What is the mortality rate for TGE?

A

Almost 100% in piglets <1 week old
Affects all age groups

26
Q

What are the CS of TGE?

A

Watery diarrhea, vomiting, wet/dry appearance to litter from profuse diarrhea

27
Q

What is the TX and prevention of TGE?

A

Tx - symptomatic
Prevention: Feed feces and infected intentional contents of affected piglets to sows that are >14 days to farrowing

28
Q

What are the CS and what age group is affected in Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis virus?

A

Piglets <4 weeks old
CS - vomiting and wasting disease (VWM) and encephalitic forms

29
Q

What virus causes PRRS? Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome?

A

Arterivirus

30
Q

What is most commonly seen in PRRS and what age group does it affect?

A

Most common cause of stillborn births, affects all ages

31
Q

What are the 3 overlapping syndromes you will see with PPRS?

A

1) Repro impairment/failure - abortions, mummies, stillbirths, early embryonic death
2) Resp disease - wean pigs get cough (thumps), purple ear tips from Vasculitis, and nursery pigs will have interstitial pneumonia
3) High pre-weaning mortality - diarrhea, recurrent fevers d

32
Q

What is the TX and prevention of PRRS?

A

Tx - none, depopulate herd
Prevention - vaccine

33
Q

Around what age do pigs get rotavirus and what is it commonly associated with?

A

5 days old, commonly associated with E. Coli

34
Q

What virus causes Blue eye?

A

Tublavirus
Also known as blue eye paramyxovirus

35
Q

What virus causes Hog cholera (classic swine fever)?

A

Togavirus

36
Q

Why is Hog cholera concerning in the US and which virus is it closely related to?

A

Hog cholera is REPORTABLE, US is free of it
Classic swine fever (togavirus) is closely related to pestivirus (BVD, Border disease virus)

37
Q

What does the virus in classic swine fever affect and what are the clinical signs?

A

Virus affected stem cells in bone marrow, leading to neutropenia, thrombocytopenia (results in immune suppression and suspectiblity to enteric bacterial infections.

CS - oral ulceration, vomit, diarrhea, oral petechiation, paresis/paralysis, fever, shivering, conjunctivitis
Can also cross placenta and lead to repro failure -> severe systemic infection and abortion

38
Q

What are the CS of African Swine Fever and what is it carried by?

A

CS - most important one: hemorrhage of ear skin
Also fever, acute death, inappetence. On necropsy there is petechiation of internal organs
It is from Africa and carried by warthogs, transmitted by soft ticks

39
Q

What virus causes Vesicular Exanthema? In what species is the disease found in?

A

Calicivirus
Found in swine, sea lions, seal, and marine mammals

40
Q

What is another name for vesicular exanthema and why is it concerning? Where is it seen geographical?

A

Also known as San Miguel Sea Lion Disease in sea lions
IT IS REPORTABLE
Sea lions off coast of CA, not present in US pigs

41
Q

What virus causes pseudorabies in pigs?

A

Herpesvirus

42
Q

What is the primary host of pseudorabies?

A

Pigs

43
Q

What is another name for pseudorabies and is it still in the US?

A

Also known as Aujesky’s disease
Eradicated from pigs in US, can devastate non-immune herd

44
Q

What clinical signs does pseudorabies cause?

A

Depends on the age group but includes neuro/CSN, respiratory, and reproductive signs

45
Q

What CS does pseudorabies cause in young neonate pigs less than 3 weeks old?

A

Neuro/CNS signs
CS - tremors, incoordination, blindness, opisthotonos, hypersalivation, ataxia, nystagmus, paddling, DEATH (100% mortality!)
Some may be born mummified

46
Q

What clinical signs does pseudorabies cause in wean pigs?

A

Neuro/CNS and Respiratory signs
All similar signs of neonatal pigs + respiratory signs
Lower mortality rate

47
Q

What are the clinical signs that pseudorabies causes in growers/finisher pigs?

A

Respiratory signs
Cough, sneezing, nasal discharge

48
Q

What clinical signs does pseudorabies cause in older breeding age pigs?

A

Respiratory signs but mostly reproductive failure
CS: abortions, resorption, mummification

49
Q

How does pseudorabies present in ruminants?

A

NAVEL Study Q's (16 decks)

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