Sheep & Goats

Question 1

Border Disease Virus

Answer 1

This is a pestivirus, Infection of a pregnant ewe with this virus causes Hairy shaker syndrome in lambs. They will have dark and hairy fleece around the head and shoulders that grow poorly and tremor. This is due to an infection of hair follicles and the cerebellum.

Question 2

What is gangrenous mastitis in sheep?

Answer 2

Caused by Mannheimia and Staphylococcus aureus, it occurs sporadically during the first 3 months of lactation. Associated with poor milk supply related to ewe undernutrition and over vigorous suckling by the lambs. May see enlarged udders with serosangious milk that is foul- smelling. Prognosis is grave (80% will die or are euthanized).

Question 3

What is Infectious footrot in sheep and goats

Answer 3

It is caused by Dichelobacter nodosus, it is contagious and it is associated with wet conditions

Question 4

What ophthalmic abnormality is most common in newborn lambs?

Answer 4

Entropion, also seen in pigs (lower eye lid will be affected.)

Question 5

Contagious Ecthyma

Answer 5

CS - brown-black crusts around mouth, oral cavity, and feet, eyelids, and teats.
Also known as Orf or sore mouth.
Caused by a parapoxvirus and is zoonotic

Question 6

Infectious footrot

Answer 6

Caused by Dichelobacter nodosus
Associated with wet conditions
Secondary invader - Fusobacterium necrophorum

Question 7

Ovine nasal adenocarcinoma virus

Question 8

Which trichostrongyles species is the only one to cause anemia and not commonly cause diarrhea in sheep?

Answer 8

Haemonchus infection
Causes chronic weight loss, doing poorly and pale mm

Question 9

What disorder in sheep can be eliminated by genetic testing?

Answer 9

Spider lamb syndrome

Question 10

What is spider lamb syndrome?

Answer 10

Bone growth disorder of Suffolk and Hampshire breeds of sheep caused by an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance

Question 11

What can you use to treat organophosphate toxicity in sheep?

Answer 11

Atropine or pralidoxime
Organophosphate act by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase causing hypersalivation, incoordination, and bloat

Question 12

What test will detect lungworm larvae in the feces in sheep?

Answer 12

Baermann examination of feces

Question 13

What kind of Clinical signs would you see with Mycoplasma mycoides mycoides in kids?

Question 14

What are the treatments for urethral obstruction due to uroliths in weathered goats?

Answer 14

Amputate the urethral process
If unsuccessful - do tube cystostomy
-Place Foley catheter percutaneously into the bladder immediately in front of the pubis and suture in place.

Question 15

What is Ovine Progressive Pneumonia?

Answer 15

Also called Maedi-Visna
Caused by retrovirus and affects sheep between 2 and 4 years of age
Disease progresses slowly with increasing wasting and respiratory disease
Indurative mastitis (hard bag) may occur
Diagnosis: agar gel immunodiffusion or ELISA testing or PCR (more expensive)
No vaccine or treatment is effective - disease controlled by serological testing and removal of positive animals

Question 16

What do Nematodirus eggs look like?

Answer 16

Elliptical appearance with sharply curved poles and 2-8 blastomeres surrounded by a wide fluid-filled cavity
TX - Levamisole (effective against GI roundworms and lungworms in sheep)

Question 17

What does atresia of the colon, rectum or anus look like? How does it occur in sheep?

Answer 17

Occurs congenitally. CS - progressive abdominal distension
Tx - surgical establishment of anal latency - anus
Permanent colostomy - colon and rectum

Question 18

How does Johne’s Disease present in sheep and goats and what agent causes it?

Answer 18

Also called paratuberculosis. Caused by mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis.
CS - loss of muscle mass, weak, not lactating, thickening of the ileocecocolic area and mesenteric lymph nodes that are dark and enlarged.

Question 19

What are the two man syndromes of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus? What ages of goats does it affect?

Answer 19

Leukoencephalomyelitis - kids of 2-6 months old (transmitted to kids via milk or colostrum)
Polysynovitis-arthritis - goats 6 months or older
Does affected can have mammary gland involvement and develop hard fibrous udders, resulting in decreased milk production

Question 20

Young ruminants with gossypol toxicity can have sudden death due to?

Answer 20

Cardiomyopathies - such as bracken fern or sweet clover
Hepatopathy - such as fiddleneck (amsinkia), senecio, or ragwort

Question 21

What is Caprine Arthritis and Encephalomyelitis virus? What does it cause and who does it affect? How is it transmitted? At what age are kids and adults affected? Treatment?

Answer 21

It is a retrovirus that affects monocytes
Causes: Hardbag - fibrosis of the udders and results in agalactica
Causes arthritis in ADULTS and encephalitis in KIDS
Transmitted via colostrum to kids
Leukoencephalomyelitis in kids 2-6 months of age
Polysynovitis-arthritis in adults >6 months of age
TX - ineffective - CULL
Screening test for herd health includes ELISA and AGID

Question 22

What is Mycoplasma pneumonia? What agents cause it? How is it transmitted? What clinical signs does it cause in kids and does? How is it diagnosed? Treatment?

Answer 22

M. Ovipneumoniae causes pneumonia in sheep. Caused by mycoplasma mycoides mycoides or mycoplasma capricolum. Transmitted by transmammary, aerosol - maintained in herd by mammary carrier.
Causes: pneumonia, meningitis, mastitis, polyarthritis

CS - mastitis in does, polyarthritis and pneumonia in kids. Kids 2-4 weeks old will have hot swollen joints and respiratory distress. Does will have firm udders with brownish watery mild, occasional garget (inflammation)
DX: milk culture
TX - non-responsive to antibiotics so CULL all affect animals (even kids)