LA Toxins

Question 1

What causes Heinz Body Anemia in LA?

Answer 1

Methylene blue, molybdenum deficiency, Rye grass, brassica family

Question 2

What do Red maple leaves cause in horses?

Answer 2

Heinz body anemia!
CS - icterus (decrease O2 in blood, oxidative damage) + colic

Question 3

What is Zearalenone toxicity in pigs?

Answer 3

Caused by Fusarium
It is a potent estrogenic metabolite
CS - hyperestrogenism, pseduopregnancy, vulvovaginitis

Question 4

What do you see with salt poisoning in LA? CS? Lesion?

Answer 4

Lesion = perivascular eosinophil infiltration
Increased blood Na means water diffuses out of the brain which creates idiogenic osmoles to draw water back
Tx - REHYDRATE SLOWLY or water will go to brain too fast
CS - head pressing, stargazing, blindness, seizures, hemolysis (water swells RBC and lyses them)

Question 5

What does black walnut toxicity cause in horses?

Answer 5

Caused by Juglans nigra
Laminitis

Question 6

What causes copper toxicity in sheep?

Answer 6

Sheep is fed cow/horse feed
Causes hemolytic anemia/icterus, methemoglobinemia, hemogloinemia/uria

Question 7

What does copper deficiency cause in sheep?

Answer 7

Causes Enzootic ataxia/swayback
Can be primary (low Cu intake) or secondary (high molybdenum, S, Fe, Se, intake)
Enzootic ataxia seen in lambs 1-2 months old
Swayback seen in very very young lambs = progressive ascending paralysis

Question 8

What is Grass tetany/staggers in LA? CS? TX?

Answer 8

Causes hypomagnesemia from Phalaris (canary grasses) or in lactating animals that are in lush pastures during early spring (increased nitrogen/K inhibition Mg absorption)
CS - stiff legged gait, bellowing, hyperexcitability, nystagmus, head tremors, falling /flailing, restless, death
Tx - remove from pasture, IV Mg and Ca SLOWLY

Question 9

What kind of toxin is slaframine? Cause? CS?

Answer 9

GI toxin
Caused by moldy red clover
CS - slobbers! (Hypersalivation)

Question 10

What kind of toxin are oak leaves/acorns? Cause? CS? What animal is most commonly affected by? Which animal is most resistant?

Answer 10

GI toxin
Caused by Quercus spp
CS - Hemorrhagic diarrhea, abdominal pain, Tenesmus, colic, death
Cattle are most commonly affected and only ones to also have renal damage (tubular nephrosis)
Goats are most susceptible to Quercus spp

Question 11

What kind of toxin is Canthardin? Cause? CS?

Answer 11

GI toxin
Caused by blister beetles = leads to COLICKING HORSES
CS - cardiovascular shock, endotoxin shock, renal failure, mouth/tongue vesicles, watery diarrhea, renal tubular damage (hematuria), cardiac arrhythmias, abrupt colic, fever, hypersalivation, frequent, urination, hematuria

Question 12

What kind of toxin is Claviceps purpura? Cause? CS?

Answer 12

GI toxin
Caused by parasitic fungus (ergotism) on rye, oats, wheat, KY bluegrass (ergot in grain)
They are ergot alkaloids -> CS - vascular constriction, thrombosis, gangrene, vomit, colic, diarrhea