LA Toxins Flashcards

1
Q

What causes Heinz Body Anemia in LA?

A

Methylene blue, molybdenum deficiency, Rye grass, brassica family

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2
Q

What do Red maple leaves cause in horses?

A

Heinz body anemia!
CS - icterus (decrease O2 in blood, oxidative damage) + colic

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3
Q

What is Zearalenone toxicity in pigs?

A

Caused by Fusarium
It is a potent estrogenic metabolite
CS - hyperestrogenism, pseduopregnancy, vulvovaginitis

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4
Q

What do you see with salt poisoning in LA? CS? Lesion?

A

Lesion = perivascular eosinophil infiltration
Increased blood Na means water diffuses out of the brain which creates idiogenic osmoles to draw water back
Tx - REHYDRATE SLOWLY or water will go to brain too fast
CS - head pressing, stargazing, blindness, seizures, hemolysis (water swells RBC and lyses them)

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5
Q

What does black walnut toxicity cause in horses?

A

Caused by Juglans nigra
Laminitis

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6
Q

What causes copper toxicity in sheep?

A

Sheep is fed cow/horse feed
Causes hemolytic anemia/icterus, methemoglobinemia, hemogloinemia/uria

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7
Q

What does copper deficiency cause in sheep?

A

Causes Enzootic ataxia/swayback
Can be primary (low Cu intake) or secondary (high molybdenum, S, Fe, Se, intake)
Enzootic ataxia seen in lambs 1-2 months old
Swayback seen in very very young lambs = progressive ascending paralysis

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8
Q

What is Grass tetany/staggers in LA? CS? TX?

A

Causes hypomagnesemia from Phalaris (canary grasses) or in lactating animals that are in lush pastures during early spring (increased nitrogen/K inhibition Mg absorption)
CS - stiff legged gait, bellowing, hyperexcitability, nystagmus, head tremors, falling /flailing, restless, death
Tx - remove from pasture, IV Mg and Ca SLOWLY

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9
Q

What kind of toxin is slaframine? Cause? CS?

A

GI toxin
Caused by moldy red clover
CS - slobbers! (Hypersalivation)

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10
Q

What kind of toxin are oak leaves/acorns? Cause? CS? What animal is most commonly affected by? Which animal is most resistant?

A

GI toxin
Caused by Quercus spp
CS - Hemorrhagic diarrhea, abdominal pain, Tenesmus, colic, death
Cattle are most commonly affected and only ones to also have renal damage (tubular nephrosis)
Goats are most susceptible to Quercus spp

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11
Q

What kind of toxin is Canthardin? Cause? CS?

A

GI toxin
Caused by blister beetles = leads to COLICKING HORSES
CS - cardiovascular shock, endotoxin shock, renal failure, mouth/tongue vesicles, watery diarrhea, renal tubular damage (hematuria), cardiac arrhythmias, abrupt colic, fever, hypersalivation, frequent, urination, hematuria

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12
Q

What kind of toxin is Claviceps purpura? Cause? CS?

A

GI toxin
Caused by parasitic fungus (ergotism) on rye, oats, wheat, KY bluegrass (ergot in grain)
They are ergot alkaloids -> CS - vascular constriction, thrombosis, gangrene, vomit, colic, diarrhea

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