Feline Flashcards
What drug causes acute fulminant hepatic necrosis in cats?
Diazepam - greater risk if given repeatedly or orally
Side effects of methimzaole (used for hyperthyroidism in cats)
Facial pruritus - usually seen during the first 3 months of therapy, leads to self-induced excoriations
May also see crusting of the ears
If this occurs discontinue methimazole and switch to Hill’s y/d diet or consider surgery or I-131 therapy
What side effects does doxorubicin cause in cats?
Renal toxicity
Hyperthyroidism in cats
Most supportive of this disease is a palpable nodule in the area of the thyroid gland
Mycoplasma in cats is best treated with which drugs?
Doxycycline and enrofloxacin, for 3 weeks
Doxycycline can cause esophageal stricture in cats and administration should be followed by water
Prolapsed gland of the third eyelid (nictitans)
Also called cherry eye. A congenital defect that will likely pass onto other generations. Repair by prolapsed gland replacement and tacking to the periorobital rim (Kaswan anchoring technique) or using the Morgan pocket technique. DO NOT SURGICALLY REMOVE - will predispose to iatrogenic KCS.
Acetaminophen toxicity causes what in cats?
Cat will have signs of methemoglobinemia which is caused by oxidative damage to hemoglobin. Heinz bodies are usually present in animals with methemoglobinemia. Acetaminophen causes oxidative damage to cat blood due to cat’s inability to metabolize drug efficiently.
What organism causes Cat Scratch Disease in humans?
Bartonella henselae. You will usually see a papule at the site of inoculation followed by fever and local lymphadenopathy one week later. CS - malaise, weight loss. Cats will show no CS but dogs and humans may show signs.
What is acromegaly and what are signs of it?
Caused by excessive growth hormone release from the pars distalis from a tumor in the pituitary gland. Excessive growth hormone causes a defect in the insulin receptors on target cells causing insulin resistant diabetes Mellitus. CS - enlarged head, paws, abdomen and weight gain despite uncontrolled diabetes is due to the anabolic effects of the growth hormone. TX - radiation therapy to the pituitary tumor, high doses of insulin to try and control the diabetes and Somatostain analogs (octreotide) to try to inhibit the release of growth hormone from the tumor.
What is the breathing patten that is a hallmark for feline asthma?
Expiratory push or abdominal push on expiration due to collapse of the lower airways during expiration
What is the screening test of choice for hyperthyroidism for cats?
Total T4 level, it should be increased or high end of normal along with a free T4 that is high to make diagnosis of hyperthyroidism
What are TSH levels used to diagnose?
TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) levels are used to aid in the diagnosis of canine hypothyroidism (will see increase). Not used in cats to diagnose hyperthyroidism.
What kind of drug is Diazepam and what is it used for in cats?
It is a benzodiazepine sedative used for appetite stimulation in cats
Most common lungworm in cat?
Aelurostrongylus abstrusus
What drug is used to induce emesis in cats?
Xylazine
Reversals: Yohimbine, tolazoline, or atipamezole
Breeding two white cats with blue eye will most likely lead to what?
Deafness in offspring
Breeding two white cats with blue eye will most likely lead to what?
Deafness in offspring
Lily toxicity results in what in cats?
Renal failure
What do string foreign bodies look like in a cat?
Acute onset of vomiting and anorexia, depressed and may be dehydrated. Rads will show abnormal increase in amount of plication of the small intestines.
What is the most common primary intraocular tumor in cats? 2nd most common?
Melanoma is the most common primary intraocular tumor, Lymphoma is the second
What is the treatment of choice for toxoplasmosis in cats?
Clindamycin
Squamous cell carcinoma caused by UV exposure is mostly commonly found where?
In white cats, most commonly found on ear pinnae, lips, eyelids
CS - red thickened areas and now progressed to raised bumps, crust lesions on the pinnae (single, small, poorly outlines, with irregular hardened borders. Nasal planum may have mildly ulcerated with scant serohemorrhagic discharge.
What causes hyperthyroidism in cats? What age? CS? DX? Tx?
Seen in cats greater than 8 years old
Caused by: adenomatous hyperplasia, thyroid adenomas/carcinomas
DX: serum T4, if normal and still suspect hyperthyroidism do a free T4 (equilibrium dialysis)
CS: palpable nodule in thyroid area (thyroid slip), restlessness, polyphagia, weight loss, vomiting, aggression, dull haircoat, PUPD, decreased BCS
Tx: Methimazole (initially), I131 radiation, thyroidectomy, diet change
What are additional diagnostics for hyperthyroidism in cats?
Scintigraphy - to determine gland function, may see excitement leukogram (increased BUN but not creatinine, increase GFR which masks underlying renal disease)
Before treating: look at renal/liver values (renal dz is often masked by hyperthyroidism, treatment = methimazole but it is hepatotoxic)
What secondary condition is usually associated in cats with hyperthyroidism?
Cats will hyperthyroidism will commonly have hypertension which can cause glaucoma
What are the different treatments for hyperthyroidism in cats?
1) Methimazole (initially): helps unmask renal disease, can have toxicity -> extreme facial pruritus (excoriations)
2) Radioactive iodine therapy (I131): use if animal has bad methimazole side effects once renal values are stable
3) Thyroidectomy: if tissue is left behind, dz reoccurs. May also see Horner’s, hypothyroidism, hypocalcemia afterwards due to excision of parathyroids, laryngeal paralysis
What are complications of hyperthyroidism in cats?
Hypertension (increased BP >180-220) which leads to ocular issues (retinal detachment, hemorrhage leading to blindness)
Tx - treat hypertension with Atenolol if animal goes acutely blind
What are obese cats with anorexia or inadequate caloric intake at risk for?
Developing hepatic lipidosis
What is the most common reason that a cat with lymphoma develops Dyspnea?
Intrathoracic mass (mediastinal mass) - causes pleural effusion reducing the volume of pulmonary parenchyma or compression of the pulmonary parenchyma and airways
What is the difference between cat and dog MCTs?
Cats - good prognosis with surgical excision, but does not decrease the risk of recurrence. However have low recurrence and metastasis rates
Dogs - Surgical excision and Histopath will allow for grading the tumor, surgical excision does decrease the risk of recurrence, prognosis, tx depends on the tumor grading! Ex. Grade 3 = chemotherapy
What is the most common cause of rectal prolapse in a kitten?
GI parasites
Perform fecal float and smear
Will prob see severe diarrhea and straining
How do you treat subaortic stenosis? What does
Atenolol - beta blocker which reduced myocardial oxygen demand, lessens frequency of ventricular arrhythmias and provides cardiac muscle protection
What is feline acne? CS? TX?
A deep pyoderma condition of the chin
CS: multiple comedones, papules, and furunculosis on the ventral rostral mandible
Tx: cleaning the site with antiseptic solutions
What type of cats are predisposed to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma?
White cats with solar exposure
Causative agent of feline infectious peritonitis?
Coronavirus
What does retinal detachment look like in a cat? What is it caused by? DX?
CS: Sudden total loss off sign and obvious hyphema completely filling the left anterior chamber. No ocular pain and right pupil remained dilated and nonresponsive.
Causes: Most likely hypertension secondary to renal or thyroid disease
Dx: measure systolic BP, serum chem panel to assess renal function, and thyroid hormone levels
Which drugs provide pain relief for cats?
NMDA receptor antagonist
-Decreases pain wind-up, decreases postoperative pain
What are some examples of drugs that do not provide any analgesia in cats?
Acepromazine, Alfaxalone, Benzos
What is the most common electrolyte disturbance with urethral obstruction? Which fluid would you want to use in this case?
Hyperkalemia
-impaired urinary excretion of potassium which can cause life threatening arrhythmias
Use Sodium chloride to treat this disturbance, LRS if sodium chloride is not available
What is isospora?
Parasitic coccidia
What CS will you see with Isospora and how do you treat it?
CS - diarrhea
TX - sulfonamides (TMS or sulfadimethoxine)
