Bovine 2.0 Flashcards
What does Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis cause in cattle? How? Where does it normally cause clinical signs? Is it systemic? Treatment? Similar to what disease?
Causes: sores (pus + blood) and abscesses in cattle from an injury than inoculates the organism
Location: lateral thorax, neck, flank, or head most common
Systemic? No, cattle not affected systemically
Tx: Lesions will resolve on their own in 2-4 weeks, flush wound and let it heal
Similar dz? In sheep and goats it is called caseous lymphadenitis which is caused by C. Pseudotuberculosis (external and internal abscesses)
How do you maintain a BVD free herd? How is BVD brought into the herd?
- Before purchase test all heifer replacements for BVD virus using immunohistochemistry on a skin biopsy
- Also vaccinate all cattle with killed BVD vaccine (initial 2 injections then yearly booster)
- BVD is brought into the herd by persistently infected animals that are congenitally infected with BVD virus
What does Salmonella Dublin cause in dairy calves? At what age and what are the lesions and CS? How is it transmitted? Control or tx?
Causes: septicemia in dairy calves 4-8 weeks of age
Lesions: Serosa and subcutaneous petechial hemorrhages and heavy wet red lungs
CS: depressed appetite, fever, rapid labored breathing and collapse leading to death.
Transmission: Carrier cows to neonates at brith or via milk
Control/Tx: Cull carriers and vaccinate calves with modified live S. Dublin vaccine
What CS would you see with meningitis in a calf? What would the bloodwork show? CSF? What does an elevated CSF protein and elevated CSF neutrophilia indicate? How is the different from polioencephalomalcia or Listeriosis?
CS: Diarrhea, fever, anorexia, very stiff neck, hyperesthesia (young calf age)
BW: increased WBC and neutrophilia.
CSF: turbid fluid, protein of 120, WBC 420 mainly neutrophils (helps differentiate from other diseases)
Elevated CSF protein and CSF neutrophilia indicated a bacterial infection.
Polioencephalomalcia: Much lower change in WBC and protein count (WBC 5-50 and protein around 50 or a little higher)
Listeriosis: monocytosis instead of neutrophilia
Salt posioning: would not impact CSF WBC or protein
What is “Cancer eye” in cattle? Etiology? CS?Diagnosis? Significance?
Cancer eye: ocular squamous cell carcinoma instead cattle
Etiology: multifactorial but associated with a heritable component, sunlight, eyelid pigmentation and nutrition
CS: swollen eyelids, marked blepharospasm, ocular discharge
Diagnosis: CS and FNA showing cluster of epithelial cells with anisocytosis and basophilic, vacuolated cytoplasm
How does a cow present with TRP (traumatic reticulopericarditis)? Causes and what happens? What kind of murmur? Prognosis? Prevention?
CS: Young? Stiff walk, arched walk, positive grunt test (xiphoid pain), fever, right heart failure (distended jugular veins, jugular pulse, brisket edema)
TRP: metallic foreign body which pierces the reticulum
Causes: pericarditis, endocarditis, heart base lymphoma, hereditary muscle disorders
Murmur: washing machine murmur (fluid and gas)
Prognosis: poor
Prevention: placing a magnet inside cow and keeping them away from wires/metallic objects, use string bale twine
What is the normal rumen pH in cattle? What do you use to increase rumen pH with rumen acidosis? What will cause the rumen to acidify?
Normal pH: On roughage 6-7, on high grain 5.5-6
For fixing rumen acidosis, give magnesium oxide, hydroxide or carbonate
Acidify: vinegar
What side is the lesion? Extracranial or intracranial? With conscious proprioceptive deficits, right sided heat tilt, and head pressing, cranial nerve deficits, right ear drooping, right eye dropped, drooling from right side of the mouth.
Right side is where the lesion is and it is intracranial because we have conscious proprioceptive deficits, head pressing, and depression
What is corn? Where do they result from? Tx?
Interdigital hyperplasia
Usually caused by stretching of the insertions of the distal interphalangel ligament in heavy beef breeds. Dairy breeds get it from continuously standing in slurry or chronic irritation
Tx: Surgical removal of mass
What is woody tongue caused by? What is the organism? CS? Tx?
Anaplasmosis
How to cows usually get tetanus from?
Recent metriitis or uterine infection with calving or surgical castration in the history. Tetanus from hoof wound injuries are rare
What is the strongest holding layer?
External sheath of the rectus abdominus muscle
What is Fog fever? What is another name for it? Hx and CS?
What drug is used to treat Eimeria in young calves?
Amprolium
What is malignant catarrhal fever
