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NAVEL Study Q's > Miscellaneous > Flashcards

Miscellaneous Flashcards

1
Q

Cat Gut Suture

A

Broken down by phagocytosis and retains tensile strength for 14-28 days

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2
Q

Nylon Suture

A

Non-absorbable

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3
Q

PDS (polydioxanone)

A
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4
Q

How do you treat atrial fibrillation?

A

Quinidine

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5
Q

Treatment for chronic 3rd degree AV block

A

Pacemaker

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6
Q

List the shorting acting & most potent to longest acting & lease potent insulin drugs

A

1) Regular
2) NPH
3) Lente
4) PZI
5) Ultralente

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7
Q

What are some reasons for failure of a flea product to work?

A

-Owner does not apply properly
-Owner is not treating the environment
-Other pets in the household are not on flea control

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8
Q

Sympathetic innervation to the bladder is provided by which nerve?

A

Hypogastric nerve

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9
Q

What is type 1 hypersensitivity?

A

IgE- mediated and results in immune mediated hypersensitivity immediately

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10
Q

What is type II hypersensitivity?

A

Antibody dependent reaction and occurs due to IgG or IgM made against normal self antigens or some foreign antigen that resembles some molecule on the surface of host cells.

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11
Q

What is type III hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Immune complex-mediated reaction caused when soluble antigen-antibody form in large amounts and overwhelm the body instead of being normally removed by macrophages in the spleen and liver.

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12
Q

What is type IV hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Delayed hypersensitivity and cell mediated. T8 lymphocytes will be sensitized to an antigen and differentiate into cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. T helper 1 type T4 lymphocytes become sensitized to an antigen and produce cytokines.

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13
Q

What is the holding layer of the abdomen?

A

External rectus sheath

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14
Q

What antibiotic is used to indicate methicillin resistance?

A

Oxacillin

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15
Q

Which animals are induced ovulations?

A

Cats, rabbits, and ferrets and camelids

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16
Q

A rise in serum creatinine means what?

A

Decrease in GFR

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17
Q

Which stones are radiolucent on radiographs?

A

Urate and cysteine

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18
Q

L - asparaginase used to treat which disease?

A

Lymphoma

19
Q

What treatment is commonly used for protein-losing nephropathies?

A

ACE inhibitors - they also help reduce proteinuria by causing dilation of the efferent arterioles of the nephrons

20
Q

When should you do a urine culture?

A

When you have isosthenuria (low specific gravity) - since the urine is so dilute it is difficult to identify bacteria so a culture is most sensitive way to determine if an infection is present.

21
Q

What does the presence of white blood cells in the urine indicate?

A

Urinary tract infection

22
Q

What is a TPO (triple pelvic osteotomy) designed to do and what kind of patients should you do it on?

A

Designed to increase the dorsal coverage of the femoral head, this surgery is typically performed on dogs 6 months to 1 year of age. TPO will not eliminate the progression of arthritis but will lessen it. TPO should only be performed in dogs that are free of Radiographic signs of DJD, otherwise good results will be diminished.

23
Q

When can you perform a THR (total hip replacement) and what age of dog?

A

Can be performed as soon as the physes have finished their growth, can be performed as young as 1 year of age, craniodorsal luxation is a common complication associated with THR.

24
Q

What is the most common side effect of ivermectin?

A

Neurological toxicity, reversed after stopping medication
CS - mild such as mydriasis and tremors, severe such as seizures and comas, ataxia, head tilt and lethargy
Signs typically resolve after 24-48 hours of stopping medicine

25
Q

Why does toxicity occur with Collies and ivermectin?

A

Collies have a ABCB1 (MDR-1) gene mutation that causes toxic accumulation of the drug intracellularly leading to CNS like comas and death

26
Q

What are the different types of Salter-Harris fractures?

A

Type I - fracture through physics
Type II - fracture partway through the physics extending up to the metaphysis
Type III - fracture partway through the physics extending down into the epiphysis
Type IV - fracture through the metaphysis, physics, epiphysis
Type V - crush injury to physics

27
Q

What type of surgery is nitrous oxide contraindicated in?

A

GI surgery because NO moves into closed gas spaces such as intestines

28
Q

What is a potential side effect of L-asparaginase?

A

Anaphylaxis because it is a protein enzyme and may elicit an immune response

29
Q

What side effects dose Acepromazine cause?

A

Splenic dilation with corresponding decrease in hematocrit concentration

30
Q

Which of the following anesthetic agents are known to cause bradycardia and bigeminy?

A

Xylazine - alpha-2 agonist and causes bradycardia, may also cause first or second degree AV block
thiopental - causes bigeminy most commonly and several arrhythmias, premature ventricular complexes

31
Q

What are forms of anthrax in humans and which is not?

A

Forms of anthrax in humans: pulmonary, intestinal, cutaneous
Not a form: ocular

32
Q

If an animal has pleural effusion, which Radiographic view is the best?

A

Ventrodorsal

33
Q

What Radiographic view can you see a GDV the best?

A

Right lateral recumbency abdominal rads

34
Q

What is the holding layer for all hollow viscera?

A

Submucosa

35
Q

What are the 3 layers of the Meibomian glands and which glands produce each layer?

A

Mucous - made by conjunctival goblet cells (inner)
Aqueous - lacrimal gland and gland of the 3rd eyelid (middle)
Lipid - meibomian glands (outer)

36
Q

What is the mean life span of a neutrophil in a dog?

A

5-9 hours

37
Q

What drug causes peripheral vestibular disease used in treatment of otitis?

A

Chlorhexadine implicated in ototoxicity and peripheral vestibular disease

38
Q

What drug causes central vestibular disease in treatment of otitis?

A

Metronidazole

39
Q

Why is silk contraindicated for use in closing the bladder?

A

Silk is a non-absorbable suture which can lead to nidus for infection

40
Q

What muscle should be incorporated into the closure of an abdominal incision in a dog?

A

The preputalis muscle which is usually cut when making a midline incision in males dogs and should be incorporated into the closure to avoid penile deviation

41
Q

What are the most commonly reported organisms recovered in animals with endocarditis?

A

Staph, Strep, Corynbacterium, Pseduomonas aeruginosa, Erysipelothrix, E. Coli, Bartonella

42
Q

When is the most common time for anastomosis failure?

A

3-5 days post operatively due to degradation of fibrin at the site prior to deposition of sufficient collagen

43
Q

What is dopamine commonly used for?

A

To increase arterial blood pressure

NAVEL Study Q's (15 decks)

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