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Introduction to Animal Science > Swine > Flashcards

Swine Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most consumed meat in the world?

A

hog

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2
Q

Intact male swine?

A

Boar

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3
Q

Mature female swine?

A

Sow

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4
Q

Castrated Male swine?

A

Barrow

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5
Q

Young male swine?

A

Pig

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6
Q

Young female swine?

A

Gilt

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7
Q

Swine offspring?

A

piglet

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8
Q

Swine parturition process?

A

Farrowing

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9
Q

How have swine genetically changed?

A

are now kept in pins and indoors

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10
Q

What is expected to eventually pass pork in terms of world consumption?

A

poultry

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11
Q

What countries are greatest in per capita pork consumption?

A

Serbia, Montenegro, EU, China*, Taiwan

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12
Q

Where has most production growth of pork been?

A

outside of the US

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13
Q

What are the top pork producing countries?

A

China, EU, US

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14
Q

Where are most pigs in the world located?

A

China

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15
Q

What countries lead in pork exportion?

A

EU, US, CA

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16
Q

What are the top states in pig inventory?

A

Iowa, NC, Minnesota, Illinois, and Indiana

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17
Q

How long is a cattle cycle?

A

10 years

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18
Q

How long is swine cycle?

A

5 years

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19
Q

Why is there a difference in cattle and swine cycle?

A

age to puberty, number of offspring per gestation, number of gestations a year, age to market

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20
Q

What is the cattle age to puberty?

A

8-12 months

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21
Q

What is the swine age to puberty?

A

5-6 months

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22
Q

What is beef cattle gestation length?

A

285 days

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23
Q

What is swine gestation length?

A

114 days

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24
Q

How many offspring do beef cattle have per gestation?

A

1

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25
Q

How many offspring do swine have per gestation?

A

about 10

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26
Q

How many litters do swine have per year?

A

about 2.5

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27
Q

What is the beef cattle age to market?

A

14-16 months

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28
Q

What is the swine age to market?

A

150 days (about 5 months)

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29
Q

How much meat do beef cattle produce a year?

A

less than 1,000 lbs

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30
Q

How much meat do swine produce a year?

A

6,000 lbs

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31
Q

What is the market weight for swine?

A

270 lbs

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32
Q

How are swine different than cattle in terms of productivity? (general)

A

higher yield and more efficient

33
Q

What are the primary types of swine?

A

paternal and maternal

34
Q

What traits make a swine breed paternal?

A

meat production, growth

35
Q

What traits make a swine breed maternal?

A

litter size

36
Q

If you wanted to increase the litter size of a paternal breed, what would you do?

A

cross female paternal breed with a male maternal breed???

37
Q

What are examples of paternal swine breeds?

A

Duroc, Hampshire, Poland China, Berkshire, Spots?

38
Q

What is the leading meat breed of swine? Why?

A

Duroc; grow faster, a negative though is that offspring have a lot of fat

39
Q

Are meat breed pigs wanted to be lean or fatty?

A

lean

40
Q

What are examples of maternal swine breeds?

A

Chester White, Landrace, Yorkshire, Spots?, Fengjing, Meishan

41
Q

How many offspring do Meishan swine have?

A

22

42
Q

How many offspring do Fengjing swine have?

A

16

43
Q

What is the most used maternal breed in the US? Why?

A

Yorkshire; produce lean, high performing pigs

44
Q

What is special about Fengjing pigs?

A

higher rate of production than most breeds

45
Q

What is special about Meishan pigs?

A

reach puberty earlier than other breeds (4 months)

46
Q

What are the steps of swine production?

A

Breeding, Farrowing, Weaning, Nursery, Grower, Finisher

47
Q

How long does weaning last?

A

21 days

48
Q

How long are swine in the nursery?

A

8-10 weeks

49
Q

How long are swine at the grower step?

A

70-120 days

50
Q

How long are swine at the finisher steps?

A

120-150 days

51
Q

What are the two places production can occur?

A

pasture or total confinement

52
Q

What kind of system is pasture production?

A

extensive/semi-intensive system

53
Q

What kind of system is total confinement production?

A

intensive system

54
Q

What is intensive system?

A

kept indoors in pen throughout life

55
Q

What is extensive/semi-intensive system?

A

kept outside in pastures; causes limited production

56
Q

How is estrus detected in swine?

A

lordosis

57
Q

What is lordosis?

A

when pressure is applied on their back, they stand

58
Q

How are swine bred?

A

post-cervical AI

59
Q

What does post-cervical mean?

A

semen deposited beyond the cervix into the uterus

60
Q

What is the number one cause of piglet mortality?

A

crushing by mother

61
Q

How are the farrowing cages designed?

A

to allow the sow to lay down and feed piglets without risk of crushing them

62
Q

What is done to piglets after they are born?

A

2 doses of iron injection because they aren’t born with sufficient iron. clip needle teeth

63
Q

What occurs at the growth-finishing stage?

A

fed to market weight, climate controlled barn with ventilation is the biggest concern

64
Q

What occurs at the nursery?

A

weaning, pigs maintained until 8-10 weeks, all in-all out

65
Q

How is the nursery kept clean?

A

plastic slated floor to keep feces and urine away from piglets

66
Q

What is the order of the pig supply chain in terms of locations?

A

Breeding place, farrowing pen, nursery pen, finishing farm

67
Q

What has been seen in swine production over the last 15-20 years?

A

increase in consolidation and vertical integration

68
Q

What is consolidation?

A

putting assets together and merging together to become one company

69
Q

What is vertical integration?

A

a company owns every section of production

70
Q

How has swine environmental impact changed over time?

A

water use reduced, land use reduced, and carbon footprint reduced

71
Q

How do poultry and swine waste differ?

A

swine waste has more phosphorus because they cannot digest it, more harmful to environment

72
Q

Describe genetically modified pigs.

A

combination of mouse and E. coli DNA in pig genome promotes phytase production in salivary gland which allows pig to break down phosphorous in the stomach and absorb it as phosphate. Results in less phosphorus in pig waste (called Enviropig)

73
Q

What is an example of a wild pig-like animal?

A

Peccary (Javalina)

74
Q

When were pigs first introduced into the US? By who?

A

1500s, Hernando DeSoto

75
Q

When was the Eurasian wild boar introduced into the US?

A

early 1900s

76
Q

Where can wild/feral swine be found in the US?

A

south east and California

77
Q

What diseases can wild pigs give to animals?

A

African swine fever, FADs, Foot and Mouth disease, Bovine tuberculosis, Classical swine fever

78
Q

What zoonotic diseases can wild pigs give to humans?

A

E. coli, Rabies, Salmonellosis, Toxoplasmosis, Brucellosis

Introduction to Animal Science (21 decks)

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