Swine Flashcards
What is the most consumed meat in the world?
hog
Intact male swine?
Boar
Mature female swine?
Sow
Castrated Male swine?
Barrow
Young male swine?
Pig
Young female swine?
Gilt
Swine offspring?
piglet
Swine parturition process?
Farrowing
How have swine genetically changed?
are now kept in pins and indoors
What is expected to eventually pass pork in terms of world consumption?
poultry
What countries are greatest in per capita pork consumption?
Serbia, Montenegro, EU, China*, Taiwan
Where has most production growth of pork been?
outside of the US
What are the top pork producing countries?
China, EU, US
Where are most pigs in the world located?
China
What countries lead in pork exportion?
EU, US, CA
What are the top states in pig inventory?
Iowa, NC, Minnesota, Illinois, and Indiana
How long is a cattle cycle?
10 years
How long is swine cycle?
5 years
Why is there a difference in cattle and swine cycle?
age to puberty, number of offspring per gestation, number of gestations a year, age to market
What is the cattle age to puberty?
8-12 months
What is the swine age to puberty?
5-6 months
What is beef cattle gestation length?
285 days
What is swine gestation length?
114 days
How many offspring do beef cattle have per gestation?
1
How many offspring do swine have per gestation?
about 10
How many litters do swine have per year?
about 2.5
What is the beef cattle age to market?
14-16 months
What is the swine age to market?
150 days (about 5 months)
How much meat do beef cattle produce a year?
less than 1,000 lbs
How much meat do swine produce a year?
6,000 lbs
What is the market weight for swine?
270 lbs
How are swine different than cattle in terms of productivity? (general)
higher yield and more efficient
What are the primary types of swine?
paternal and maternal
What traits make a swine breed paternal?
meat production, growth
What traits make a swine breed maternal?
litter size
If you wanted to increase the litter size of a paternal breed, what would you do?
cross female paternal breed with a male maternal breed???
What are examples of paternal swine breeds?
Duroc, Hampshire, Poland China, Berkshire, Spots?
What is the leading meat breed of swine? Why?
Duroc; grow faster, a negative though is that offspring have a lot of fat
Are meat breed pigs wanted to be lean or fatty?
lean
What are examples of maternal swine breeds?
Chester White, Landrace, Yorkshire, Spots?, Fengjing, Meishan
How many offspring do Meishan swine have?
22
How many offspring do Fengjing swine have?
16
What is the most used maternal breed in the US? Why?
Yorkshire; produce lean, high performing pigs
What is special about Fengjing pigs?
higher rate of production than most breeds
What is special about Meishan pigs?
reach puberty earlier than other breeds (4 months)
What are the steps of swine production?
Breeding, Farrowing, Weaning, Nursery, Grower, Finisher
How long does weaning last?
21 days
How long are swine in the nursery?
8-10 weeks
How long are swine at the grower step?
70-120 days
How long are swine at the finisher steps?
120-150 days
What are the two places production can occur?
pasture or total confinement
What kind of system is pasture production?
extensive/semi-intensive system
What kind of system is total confinement production?
intensive system
What is intensive system?
kept indoors in pen throughout life
What is extensive/semi-intensive system?
kept outside in pastures; causes limited production
How is estrus detected in swine?
lordosis
What is lordosis?
when pressure is applied on their back, they stand
How are swine bred?
post-cervical AI
What does post-cervical mean?
semen deposited beyond the cervix into the uterus
What is the number one cause of piglet mortality?
crushing by mother
How are the farrowing cages designed?
to allow the sow to lay down and feed piglets without risk of crushing them
What is done to piglets after they are born?
2 doses of iron injection because they aren’t born with sufficient iron. clip needle teeth
What occurs at the growth-finishing stage?
fed to market weight, climate controlled barn with ventilation is the biggest concern
What occurs at the nursery?
weaning, pigs maintained until 8-10 weeks, all in-all out
How is the nursery kept clean?
plastic slated floor to keep feces and urine away from piglets
What is the order of the pig supply chain in terms of locations?
Breeding place, farrowing pen, nursery pen, finishing farm
What has been seen in swine production over the last 15-20 years?
increase in consolidation and vertical integration
What is consolidation?
putting assets together and merging together to become one company
What is vertical integration?
a company owns every section of production
How has swine environmental impact changed over time?
water use reduced, land use reduced, and carbon footprint reduced
How do poultry and swine waste differ?
swine waste has more phosphorus because they cannot digest it, more harmful to environment
Describe genetically modified pigs.
combination of mouse and E. coli DNA in pig genome promotes phytase production in salivary gland which allows pig to break down phosphorous in the stomach and absorb it as phosphate. Results in less phosphorus in pig waste (called Enviropig)
What is an example of a wild pig-like animal?
Peccary (Javalina)
When were pigs first introduced into the US? By who?
1500s, Hernando DeSoto
When was the Eurasian wild boar introduced into the US?
early 1900s
Where can wild/feral swine be found in the US?
south east and California
What diseases can wild pigs give to animals?
African swine fever, FADs, Foot and Mouth disease, Bovine tuberculosis, Classical swine fever
What zoonotic diseases can wild pigs give to humans?
E. coli, Rabies, Salmonellosis, Toxoplasmosis, Brucellosis
