Female Reproduction

Question 1

What is estrus?

Answer 1

period of receptivity of the female to be bred by the male (‘heat’)

Question 2

What is ovulation?

Answer 2

the release of an ovum from a follicle

Question 3

What is follicle?

Answer 3

structure of the ovary that contains the ovum

Question 4

What is estrous cycle?

Answer 4

all physiological events that occur from one ovulation to the next

Question 5

What is ovum?

Answer 5

female reproductive cell, egg

Question 6

What is oviposition?

Answer 6

the process of laying an egg

Question 7

What is gestation?

Answer 7

pregnancy and development of the fetus

Question 8

What is incubation?

Answer 8

development of the fetus outside the body

Question 9

What is parturition?

Answer 9

the birth process

Question 10

What is a duplex uterus?

Answer 10

two cervixes; animals can have many offspring

Question 11

What are examples of animals that have a duplex uterus?

Answer 11

rabbits and rats

Question 12

What is a bicornuate uterus?

Answer 12

has uterine horns (either poorly to moderately developed or highly developed)

Question 13

What are examples of animals that have a bicornuate uterus with poorly to moderately developed horns?

Answer 13

mare and cow

Question 14

What are examples of animals that have a bicornuate uterus with well developed horns?

Answer 14

Bitch, Sow, Queen

Question 15

What is a simplex uterus?

Answer 15

no uterine horns

Question 16

What are examples of animals with a simplex uterus?

Answer 16

primates

Question 17

What are the functions of the oviduct?

Answer 17

transportation, site of fertilization, and nutrition

Question 18

What are the exocrine functions of the uterus?

Answer 18

transport, nutrition, size of gestation

Question 19

What does the exocrine portion of the ovary do?

Answer 19

ovum productions

Question 20

What are the parts of the endocrine portion of the ovary?

Answer 20

follicle and corpus luteum

Question 21

What are the parts of the follicle?

Answer 21

follicular cells and theca interna

Question 22

What do follicular cells produce (?)?

Answer 22

E2

Question 23

What does the Theca Interna produce?

Answer 23

Testosterone: T

Question 24

What is the nickname for E2?

Answer 24

hormone of Estrus

Question 25

What do corpus luteum produce?

Answer 25

P4

Question 26

What happens during Proestrus?

Answer 26

formation of ovulating follicles and E2 secretion

Question 27

What happens during Estrus?

Answer 27

sexual receptivity and peak E2 secretion

Question 28

What happens during Mestestrus?

Answer 28

CL formation and beginning of P4 secretion

Question 29

What happens during Diestrus?

Answer 29

sustained luteal secretion of P4 (progesterone)

Question 30

What are the exocrine functions of the Oviduct?

Answer 30

transportation of sperm, site of fertilization, and nutrition

Question 31

What are the exocrine functions of the uterus?

Answer 31

transport, nutrition, site of gestation

Question 32

What are the functions of the cervix?

Answer 32

physical barrier to protect uterus

Question 33

When does the cervix open?

Answer 33

it opens during the estrus cycle and parturition to allow things to pass through

Question 34

What are the functions of the vagina?

Answer 34

semen disposition

Question 35

What animals have to have semen deposited into (?) cervix instead of the vagina?

Answer 35

pig

Question 36

What does the trophoblast become?

Answer 36

placenta

Question 37

What does the inner cell mass become?

Answer 37

embryo

Question 38

What are the functions of the placenta?

Answer 38

exchange of nutrients/waste, exchange of O2/CO2, hydraulic dampener, and parturition

Question 39

How does the placenta contribute to parturition?

Answer 39

cervical dilation and lubrication

Question 40

What is a diffuse placental attachment?

Answer 40

placenta made up of villi that cover the whole surface of the chorion

Question 41

What animals have a diffuse placental attachment?

Answer 41

horse, pig, whale

Question 42

What is a zonary placental attachment?

Answer 42

a band of tissue surrounding the fetus

Question 43

What animals have a zonary placental attachment?

Answer 43

cat, dog, seal, bear, and elephant

Question 44

What diet of animals typically has a zonary placental attachment?

Answer 44

carnivores

Question 45

What is a cotyledonary placental attachment?

Answer 45

has different points of attachment and is attached to growing embryo

Question 46

What animals have a cotyledonary placental attachment?

Answer 46

cattle, sheep, goats (ruminants?)

Question 47

What diet of animals typically has a cotyledonary placental attachment?

Answer 47

ruminants

Question 48

What is a discoid placental attachment?

Answer 48

on side?, chorion remains smooth

Question 49

What is dystocia?

Answer 49

difficult birth

Question 50

What are the causes of dystocia?

Answer 50

birth weight, size of dam, condition of dam, malpresentaion

Question 51

Do you want the condition of the dam to be below or above 3?

Answer 51

above

Question 52

What is malpresentation?

Answer 52

when an animal is not facing the right way in the womb or has limbs in wrong direction

Question 53

What do eggs (bird) have 2 of?

Answer 53

chalaza

Question 54

How do you tell the difference between a fertilized egg and a non fertilized egg?

Answer 54

fertilized eggs have a blastoderm while unfertilized do not

Question 55

How do animals born in eggs get nutrients? How is this similar or different to mammals?

Answer 55

everything the fetus needs is in the egg except temperature and oxygen concentration; mammals get nutrients through their mother while a fetus

Question 56

What are practices of reproductive management?

Answer 56

- castration - controlled/limited breeding season - estrous synchronization - artificial insemination - pregnancy diagnosis - embryo transfer/IVF