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Introduction to Animal Science > Female Reproduction > Flashcards

Female Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is estrus?

A

period of receptivity of the female to be bred by the male (‘heat’)

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2
Q

What is ovulation?

A

the release of an ovum from a follicle

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3
Q

What is follicle?

A

structure of the ovary that contains the ovum

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4
Q

What is estrous cycle?

A

all physiological events that occur from one ovulation to the next

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5
Q

What is ovum?

A

female reproductive cell, egg

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6
Q

What is oviposition?

A

the process of laying an egg

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7
Q

What is gestation?

A

pregnancy and development of the fetus

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8
Q

What is incubation?

A

development of the fetus outside the body

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9
Q

What is parturition?

A

the birth process

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10
Q

What is a duplex uterus?

A

two cervixes; animals can have many offspring

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11
Q

What are examples of animals that have a duplex uterus?

A

rabbits and rats

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12
Q

What is a bicornuate uterus?

A

has uterine horns (either poorly to moderately developed or highly developed)

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13
Q

What are examples of animals that have a bicornuate uterus with poorly to moderately developed horns?

A

mare and cow

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14
Q

What are examples of animals that have a bicornuate uterus with well developed horns?

A

Bitch, Sow, Queen

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15
Q

What is a simplex uterus?

A

no uterine horns

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16
Q

What are examples of animals with a simplex uterus?

A

primates

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17
Q

What are the functions of the oviduct?

A

transportation, site of fertilization, and nutrition

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18
Q

What are the exocrine functions of the uterus?

A

transport, nutrition, size of gestation

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19
Q

What does the exocrine portion of the ovary do?

A

ovum productions

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20
Q

What are the parts of the endocrine portion of the ovary?

A

follicle and corpus luteum

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21
Q

What are the parts of the follicle?

A

follicular cells and theca interna

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22
Q

What do follicular cells produce (?)?

A

E2

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23
Q

What does the Theca Interna produce?

A

Testosterone: T

24
Q

What is the nickname for E2?

A

hormone of Estrus

25
Q

What do corpus luteum produce?

A

P4

26
Q

What happens during Proestrus?

A

formation of ovulating follicles and E2 secretion

27
Q

What happens during Estrus?

A

sexual receptivity and peak E2 secretion

28
Q

What happens during Mestestrus?

A

CL formation and beginning of P4 secretion

29
Q

What happens during Diestrus?

A

sustained luteal secretion of P4 (progesterone)

30
Q

What are the exocrine functions of the Oviduct?

A

transportation of sperm, site of fertilization, and nutrition

31
Q

What are the exocrine functions of the uterus?

A

transport, nutrition, site of gestation

32
Q

What are the functions of the cervix?

A

physical barrier to protect uterus

33
Q

When does the cervix open?

A

it opens during the estrus cycle and parturition to allow things to pass through

34
Q

What are the functions of the vagina?

A

semen disposition

35
Q

What animals have to have semen deposited into (?) cervix instead of the vagina?

A

pig

36
Q

What does the trophoblast become?

A

placenta

37
Q

What does the inner cell mass become?

A

embryo

38
Q

What are the functions of the placenta?

A

exchange of nutrients/waste, exchange of O2/CO2, hydraulic dampener, and parturition

39
Q

How does the placenta contribute to parturition?

A

cervical dilation and lubrication

40
Q

What is a diffuse placental attachment?

A

placenta made up of villi that cover the whole surface of the chorion

41
Q

What animals have a diffuse placental attachment?

A

horse, pig, whale

42
Q

What is a zonary placental attachment?

A

a band of tissue surrounding the fetus

43
Q

What animals have a zonary placental attachment?

A

cat, dog, seal, bear, and elephant

44
Q

What diet of animals typically has a zonary placental attachment?

A

carnivores

45
Q

What is a cotyledonary placental attachment?

A

has different points of attachment and is attached to growing embryo

46
Q

What animals have a cotyledonary placental attachment?

A

cattle, sheep, goats (ruminants?)

47
Q

What diet of animals typically has a cotyledonary placental attachment?

A

ruminants

48
Q

What is a discoid placental attachment?

A

on side?, chorion remains smooth

49
Q

What is dystocia?

A

difficult birth

50
Q

What are the causes of dystocia?

A

birth weight, size of dam, condition of dam, malpresentaion

51
Q

Do you want the condition of the dam to be below or above 3?

A

above

52
Q

What is malpresentation?

A

when an animal is not facing the right way in the womb or has limbs in wrong direction

53
Q

What do eggs (bird) have 2 of?

A

chalaza

54
Q

How do you tell the difference between a fertilized egg and a non fertilized egg?

A

fertilized eggs have a blastoderm while unfertilized do not

55
Q

How do animals born in eggs get nutrients? How is this similar or different to mammals?

A

everything the fetus needs is in the egg except temperature and oxygen concentration; mammals get nutrients through their mother while a fetus

56
Q

What are practices of reproductive management?

A
  • castration
  • controlled/limited breeding season
  • estrous synchronization
  • artificial insemination
  • pregnancy diagnosis
  • embryo transfer/IVF

Introduction to Animal Science (21 decks)

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