Introduction to Animal Science Flashcards
What do animals provide?
meat, milk, eggs, feathers, leather, fiber, draft, fuel, companionship, biomedical research, stabilizers of food economy, and soil conservation and enhancement
What is biomedical research?
Many modern things (vaccines, IV’s, surgeries) were first tested/researched on animals
What does animal science contribute?
a huge amount of industry and a large contribution to the economy
How does animal food provide minerals?
contains all minerals needed except Ca; good source of iron, zinc, and magnesium
How does animal food provide vitamins?
good source of vitamin B
What vitamin is only obtained through animal foods?
vitamin B12, this is the only natural way to get it
What do animal foods provide?
minerals, proteins, vitamins, energy, enhanced palatability
How does animal food provide energy?
lipids, cholesterol, phospholipids, amino acids
What are lipids?
fatty acids, Triglycerides, fat and oil
How much more energy do lipids provide compared to carbohydrates?
2.25x
more calories=____?
more energy
Are grains and corn a good source of energy?
we get a lot of energy from grains and corn but energy from fat and oil is denser
Why is cholesterol important?
it is in your cell membranes are most of your hormones are composed of cholesterol
Why are phospholipids important?
good for the protective barrier/membrane around your body cells
Is animal science production growing? Why or why not?
it is growing because there is an increased demand
What kind of diet is mainly consumed in poverty? What about as people get out of poverty?
a carbohydrate diet; more meat
Why do humans consume meat?
their teeth, digestive system, tastes good, inability to manufacture vitamin B-complex
Is animal science increasing in volume? What does this mean if so?
animal science is a big production, increasing in volume means more money
What is the importance of dairy?
Calcium is important for bones, balanced protein, high in energy, high in vitamins and minerals, and has vitamin D added through pasteurization
What animals are used for milk?
cows, goats, camels, yaks, and donkeys
Why are eggs important?
balanced protein to meet dietary needs, protein dense, highly digestible protein (cooked more so than raw)
What produces eggs?
Poultry (chickens)
What is leather used for?
saddles, purses, shoes
What are feathers and fiber uses for?
cushioning, insulation, clothing
What is draft?
using animals for heavy labor
How much of the milk is produced by cows?
90%
What is milk?
a naturally produced way for mammals to feed their young
Are animal products only in food and clothing?
No, for example tires contain stearic acid (from animal fat) and roads use cow fat in asphalt
What is pasteurization?
application of high heat briefly to kill bacteria and prevent diseases
How are animal products used for fuel?
burning manure, ethanol, and methane production from biodigesters
What does burning manure do?
generate power
How is ethanol produced?
poultry litter has been experimentally used to produce it
How is methane produced?
the breakdown of manure is captured and then used as a “natural gas”
What is the purpose of animals in biomedical research?
animals have been used as models for the treatment of humans in medicine
What animals are commonly used for biomedical research?
mice, rats, guinea pig, horse, cow, sheep, dog, rabbit, monkey, pig
What vaccines were created through animal testing?
Smallpox (cow), rabies (dog, rabbit), polio (mouse, monkey)
What surgeries were done through animal testing?
open heart surgery and cardiac pacemaker (dog), organ transplant advancements (dog, sheep, cow, pig), laparoscopic surgical techniques (pig)
What is laparoscopic surgery?
surgery done through a tiny incision, using a video camera to guide them
What is xenotransplantation?
the process of grafting or transplanting organs or tissues between members of a different species (commonly pig to human)
How does animal science contribute to food stability?
it reduces the risk of food shortages during difficult climatic or economic situations
What can happen when there is a drought?
more animals can be converted to food for people
What can happen when there is an excess
nutrients can be stored in the form of increased animal numbers and fatter animals
How does animal science contribute to soil conservation and enhancement?
converting vegetation into nutrients for useful purposes; well manages grazing can enhance the ecosystem and soil
What is animal science?
the biology of domestic animals for the purpose of food and the management of animals for human use
What is animal science used for?
production, veterinary medicine, zoos, conducting and publishing research
What is the animals science society in the US named?
American Society of Animal Science
Why do we primarily study livestock and domesticated animals?
easier to work with and access
What animal(s) was tested on for the production of insulin?
dog and fish
