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Introduction to Animal Science > Introduction to Animal Science > Flashcards

Introduction to Animal Science Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What do animals provide?

A

meat, milk, eggs, feathers, leather, fiber, draft, fuel, companionship, biomedical research, stabilizers of food economy, and soil conservation and enhancement

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2
Q

What is biomedical research?

A

Many modern things (vaccines, IV’s, surgeries) were first tested/researched on animals

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3
Q

What does animal science contribute?

A

a huge amount of industry and a large contribution to the economy

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4
Q

How does animal food provide minerals?

A

contains all minerals needed except Ca; good source of iron, zinc, and magnesium

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5
Q

How does animal food provide vitamins?

A

good source of vitamin B

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6
Q

What vitamin is only obtained through animal foods?

A

vitamin B12, this is the only natural way to get it

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7
Q

What do animal foods provide?

A

minerals, proteins, vitamins, energy, enhanced palatability

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8
Q

How does animal food provide energy?

A

lipids, cholesterol, phospholipids, amino acids

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9
Q

What are lipids?

A

fatty acids, Triglycerides, fat and oil

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10
Q

How much more energy do lipids provide compared to carbohydrates?

A

2.25x

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11
Q

more calories=____?

A

more energy

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12
Q

Are grains and corn a good source of energy?

A

we get a lot of energy from grains and corn but energy from fat and oil is denser

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13
Q

Why is cholesterol important?

A

it is in your cell membranes are most of your hormones are composed of cholesterol

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14
Q

Why are phospholipids important?

A

good for the protective barrier/membrane around your body cells

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15
Q

Is animal science production growing? Why or why not?

A

it is growing because there is an increased demand

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16
Q

What kind of diet is mainly consumed in poverty? What about as people get out of poverty?

A

a carbohydrate diet; more meat

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17
Q

Why do humans consume meat?

A

their teeth, digestive system, tastes good, inability to manufacture vitamin B-complex

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18
Q

Is animal science increasing in volume? What does this mean if so?

A

animal science is a big production, increasing in volume means more money

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19
Q

What is the importance of dairy?

A

Calcium is important for bones, balanced protein, high in energy, high in vitamins and minerals, and has vitamin D added through pasteurization

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20
Q

What animals are used for milk?

A

cows, goats, camels, yaks, and donkeys

21
Q

Why are eggs important?

A

balanced protein to meet dietary needs, protein dense, highly digestible protein (cooked more so than raw)

22
Q

What produces eggs?

A

Poultry (chickens)

23
Q

What is leather used for?

A

saddles, purses, shoes

24
Q

What are feathers and fiber uses for?

A

cushioning, insulation, clothing

25
Q

What is draft?

A

using animals for heavy labor

26
Q

How much of the milk is produced by cows?

A

90%

27
Q

What is milk?

A

a naturally produced way for mammals to feed their young

28
Q

Are animal products only in food and clothing?

A

No, for example tires contain stearic acid (from animal fat) and roads use cow fat in asphalt

29
Q

What is pasteurization?

A

application of high heat briefly to kill bacteria and prevent diseases

30
Q

How are animal products used for fuel?

A

burning manure, ethanol, and methane production from biodigesters

31
Q

What does burning manure do?

A

generate power

32
Q

How is ethanol produced?

A

poultry litter has been experimentally used to produce it

33
Q

How is methane produced?

A

the breakdown of manure is captured and then used as a “natural gas”

34
Q

What is the purpose of animals in biomedical research?

A

animals have been used as models for the treatment of humans in medicine

35
Q

What animals are commonly used for biomedical research?

A

mice, rats, guinea pig, horse, cow, sheep, dog, rabbit, monkey, pig

36
Q

What vaccines were created through animal testing?

A

Smallpox (cow), rabies (dog, rabbit), polio (mouse, monkey)

37
Q

What surgeries were done through animal testing?

A

open heart surgery and cardiac pacemaker (dog), organ transplant advancements (dog, sheep, cow, pig), laparoscopic surgical techniques (pig)

38
Q

What is laparoscopic surgery?

A

surgery done through a tiny incision, using a video camera to guide them

39
Q

What is xenotransplantation?

A

the process of grafting or transplanting organs or tissues between members of a different species (commonly pig to human)

40
Q

How does animal science contribute to food stability?

A

it reduces the risk of food shortages during difficult climatic or economic situations

41
Q

What can happen when there is a drought?

A

more animals can be converted to food for people

42
Q

What can happen when there is an excess

A

nutrients can be stored in the form of increased animal numbers and fatter animals

43
Q

How does animal science contribute to soil conservation and enhancement?

A

converting vegetation into nutrients for useful purposes; well manages grazing can enhance the ecosystem and soil

44
Q

What is animal science?

A

the biology of domestic animals for the purpose of food and the management of animals for human use

45
Q

What is animal science used for?

A

production, veterinary medicine, zoos, conducting and publishing research

46
Q

What is the animals science society in the US named?

A

American Society of Animal Science

47
Q

Why do we primarily study livestock and domesticated animals?

A

easier to work with and access

48
Q

What animal(s) was tested on for the production of insulin?

A

dog and fish

Introduction to Animal Science (21 decks)

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